Dataset: GT10-11 - Filtered Rainwater
Deployment: KN204-01

Trace metal concentrations in filtered rainwater.

Principal Investigator:

William M. Landing (Florida State University EOAS, FSU - EOAS)

Contact:

Rachel Shelley (Florida State University EOAS, FSU - EOAS)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA03) (U.S. GEOTRACES NAT)

Current State:

Final with updates expected

Version:

30 Jan 2013

Deployment Synonyms:

GA03, GT11, KN204-01A, KN204-01B, USGT-NAT-2011, USGNAZT, GNAT, 316N20111106, KN204-1

Version Date:

2014-09-16

Data URL:

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/455735/data

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Description

Trace metals (Li, Na, Mg, Al, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Nd, Pb, Th, U) in filtered rainwater from the 2010 and 2011 U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect cruises.

Related Dataset: GT10-11 - Unfiltered Rainwater

Please note that some US GEOTRACES data may not be final, pending intercalibration results and further analysis. If you are interested in following changes to US GEOTRACES NAT data, there is an RSS feed available via the BCO-DMO US GEOTRACES project page (scroll down and expand the "Datasets" section).

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Rain samples were collected in acid-washed 1 L LDPE bottles fitted with a funnel (diameter 27.94 square centimeters) positioned in a 25 L bucket deployed on an N-CON precipitation sampler (model 00-120-2) attached to the forward railings of the ship’s flying bridge (14 m above sea level) as high off the water as possible to minimize contamination. As soon as a rain event had ended the samples were collected. Approximately half the sample was filtered (0.45 µm GN-6 Metricel filters; cellulose esters) using a polysulfone vacuum filter assembly (Nalgene); the other half remained unfiltered. Both filtered and unfiltered samples were acidified to 0.024 M with ultra-high purity HCl, decanted into polypropylene bottles and double-bagged for storage. Before acidification, an aliquot was taken from the unfiltered sample and frozen for storage and determination of major seawater anions by ion chromatography (Dionex 4500i) in the home laboratory. For determinations of trace metals, rainwater samples were analysed by ICP-MS (Agilent 7500CS and Thermo Element 2) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University (FSU). All sample handling was performed under a Class 100 laminar flow hood.

Trace metal concentrations in the reagent blank (0.024 M HCl) were subtracted from all rainwater samples. Filtration blanks were prepared by passing 100 mL of deionized water through GN-6 filters positioned in the filter assembly and subtracted from filtered rainwater samples. Filter blanks averaged 0.034 ± 0.01 µg/L dissolved Fe (representing an average of 1.2% of the Fe sample concentrations). Relative standard deviations of replicate analyses averaged 10% for Fe in rainwater.

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Concentrations below the detection limit are represented as 'below_DL' (originally "<_DL"). See PDF of detection limits for this dataset.

Quality flag definitions:
BDL = below detection limit (detection limit = 3 standard deviations of the blank).
0 = No QC performed.
1 = Good data.
2 = Probably good data.
3 = Probably bad data that is potentially correctable.
4 = Bad data.
5 = Value changed.
6 = Sample < blank.
7 = Outlier (unexplained data point or sample).
8 = Interpolated value.
9 = Missing value.
F = Filtered sample.

BCO-DMO made the following modifications:
- Replaced blanks with 'nd'.
- Replaced ' < DL' with 'below_DL'.
- Replaced ' < blank' with 'lt_blank'.
- Changed PI-supplied cruise IDs of KN204-2 and KN204-5 to KN204-01A and KN204-01B. Added 'cruise_part' column to distingush between parts A and B of cruise KN204-01.
- Copied averages and variances from the 3rd sub_sample to the all 3 sub_sample rows (where applicable).

Additional GEOTRACES Processing:
After the data were submitted to the International Data Management Office, BODC, the office noticed that important identifying information was missing in many datasets. With the agreement of BODC and the US GEOTRACES lead PIs, BCO-DMO added standard US GEOTRACES information, such as the US GEOTRACES event number, to each submitted dataset lacking this information. To accomplish this, BCO-DMO compiled a 'master' dataset composed of the following parameters: station_GEOTRC, cast_GEOTRC (bottle and pump data only), event_GEOTRC, sample_GEOTRC, sample_bottle_GEOTRC (bottle data only), bottle_GEOTRC (bottle data only), depth_GEOTRC_CTD (bottle data only), depth_GEOTRC_CTD_rounded (bottle data only), BTL_ISO_DateTime_UTC (bottle data only), and GeoFish_id (GeoFish data only). This added information will facilitate subsequent analysis and inter comparison of the datasets.

Bottle parameters in the master file were taken from the GT-C_Bottle_GT10, GT-C_Bottle_GT11, ODF_Bottle_GT10, and ODF_Bottle_GT11 datasets. Non-bottle parameters, including those from GeoFish tows, Aerosol sampling, and McLane Pumps, were taken from the Event_Log_GT10 and Event_Log_GT11 datasets. McLane pump cast numbers missing in event logs were taken from the Particulate Th-234 dataset submitted by Ken Buesseler.

A standardized BCO-DMO method (called "join") was then used to merge the missing parameters to each US GEOTRACES dataset, most often by matching on sample_GEOTRC or on some unique combination of other parameters.

If the master parameters were included in the original data file and the values did not differ from the master file, the original data columns were retained and the names of the parameters were changed from the PI-submitted names to the standardized master names. If there were differences between the PI-supplied parameter values and those in the master file, both columns were retained. If the original data submission included all of the master parameters, no additional columns were added, but parameter names were modified to match the naming conventions of the master file.

See the dataset parameters documentation for a description of which parameters were supplied by the PI and which were added via the join method.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0752351	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
OCE-0929919	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
OCE-1132766	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Description:

For determinations of trace metals, rainwater samples were analysed by ICP-MS (Agilent 7500CS and Thermo Element 2) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University (FSU).

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: ICP Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/

Generic Description:

An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

Precipitation Sampler

Supplied Description:

Rain samples were collected using an N-CON precipitation sampler (model 00-120-2). See the product information sheet.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Precipitation Sampler

Acronym: Precip_Sampler

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/14/

Generic Description:

A device that collects a sample of precipitation (rain, hail or snow) as it falls.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
cruise_id	Official cruise identifier e.g. KN199-04 = R/V Knorr cruise number 199-04.	text	cruise_id
cruise_part	Part of cruise. For KN204-01: A = 11/6/2011 to 11/18/2011 (Woods Hole to Bermuda) B = 11/19/2011 to 12/11/2011 (Bermuda to Praia, Cabo Verde)	text	cruise_part
sample_GEOTRC	Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES samples; ranges from 5033 to 6078 for KN199-04 and from 6112 to 8148 for KN204-01. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file. Originally submitted as 'Sample #', this parameter name has been changed to conform to BCO-DMO's GEOTRACES naming conventions.	unitless	sample
sub_sample	Sub-sample number.	unitless	sample
julian_day	Julian day at start of sampling event.		julian_day
day_start	2-digit day of month at start of sampling event.	dd (01 to 31)	day_start
month_start	2-digit month of year at start of sampling event.	mm (01 to 12)	month_start
year_start	4-digit year at start of sampling event.	YYYY	year_start
time_start_utc	Time (UTC) at start of sampling event. 24-hour clock.	HHMM	time_start
lat_start	Latitude at start of sampling event. North = Positive.	decimal degrees	lat_start
lon_start	Longitude at start of sampling event. West = Negative.	decimal degrees	lon_start
day_end	2-digit day of month at end of sampling event.	dd (01 to 31)	day_end
month_end	2-digit month of year at end of sampling event.	mm (01 to 12)	month_end
year_end	4-digit year at end of sampling event.	YYYY	year_end
time_end_utc	Time (UTC) at end of sampling event. 24-hour clock.	HHMM	time_end
lat_end	Latitude at end of sampling event. North = Positive.	decimal degrees	lat_end
lon_end	Longitude at end of sampling event. West = Negative.	decimal degrees	lon_end
rain_depth	Rain depth (mm; based on funnel diameter of 279.4 mm).	millimeters	no_bcodmo_term
Li	Filtered rainwater Li (Lithium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Li_avg	Filtered rainwater Li concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Li_var	Filtered rainwater Li concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Li_flag	Filtered rainwater Li concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Na	Filtered rainwater Na (Sodium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Na_avg	Filtered rainwater Na concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Na_var	Filtered rainwater Na concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Na_flag	Filtered rainwater Na concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Mg	Filtered rainwater Mg (Magnesium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Mg_avg	Filtered rainwater Mg concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Mg_var	Filtered rainwater Mg concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Mg_flag	Filtered rainwater Mg concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Al	Filtered rainwater Al (Aluminum) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Al_avg	Filtered rainwater Al concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Al_var	Filtered rainwater Al concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Al_flag	Filtered rainwater Al concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
P	Filtered rainwater P (Phosphorus) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
P_avg	Filtered rainwater P concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
P_var	Filtered rainwater P concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
P_flag	Filtered rainwater P concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Ti	Filtered rainwater Ti (Titanium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Ti_avg	Filtered rainwater Ti concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ti_var	Filtered rainwater Ti concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ti_flag	Filtered rainwater Ti concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
V	Filtered rainwater V (Vanadium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
V_avg	Filtered rainwater V concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
V_var	Filtered rainwater V concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
V_flag	Filtered rainwater V concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Cr	Filtered rainwater Cr (Chromium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Cr_avg	Filtered rainwater Cr concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cr_var	Filtered rainwater Cr concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cr_flag	Filtered rainwater Cr concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Mn	Filtered rainwater Mn (Manganese) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Mn_avg	Filtered rainwater Mn concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Mn_var	Filtered rainwater Mn concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Mn_flag	Filtered rainwater Mn concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Fe	Filtered rainwater Fe (Iron) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Fe_avg	Filtered rainwater Fe concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Fe_var	Filtered rainwater Fe concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Fe_flag	Filtered rainwater Fe concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Co	Filtered rainwater Co (Cobalt) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Co_avg	Filtered rainwater Co concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Co_var	Filtered rainwater Co concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Co_flag	Filtered rainwater Co concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Ni	Filtered rainwater Ni (Nickel) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Ni_avg	Filtered rainwater Ni concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ni_var	Filtered rainwater Ni concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ni_flag	Filtered rainwater Ni concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Cu	Filtered rainwater Cu (Copper) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Cu_avg	Filtered rainwater Cu concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cu_var	Filtered rainwater Cu concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cu_flag	Filtered rainwater Cu concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Zn	Filtered rainwater Zn (Zinc) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Zn_avg	Filtered rainwater Zn concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Zn_var	Filtered rainwater Zn concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Zn_flag	Filtered rainwater Zn concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Ga	Filtered rainwater Ga (Gallium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Ga_avg	Filtered rainwater Ga concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ga_var	Filtered rainwater Ga concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ga_flag	Filtered rainwater Ga concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
As	Filtered rainwater As (Arsenic) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
As_avg	Filtered rainwater As concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
As_var	Filtered rainwater As concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
As_flag	Filtered rainwater As concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Se	Filtered rainwater Se (Selenium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Se_avg	Filtered rainwater Se concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Se_var	Filtered rainwater Se concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Se_flag	Filtered rainwater Se concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Rb	Filtered rainwater Rb (Rubidium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Rb_avg	Filtered rainwater Rb concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Rb_var	Filtered rainwater Rb concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Rb_flag	Filtered rainwater Rb concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Sr	Filtered rainwater Sr (Strontium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Sr_avg	Filtered rainwater Sr concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Sr_var	Filtered rainwater Sr concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Sr_flag	Filtered rainwater Sr concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Zr	Filtered rainwater Zr (Zirconium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Zr_avg	Filtered rainwater Zr concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Zr_var	Filtered rainwater Zr concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Zr_flag	Filtered rainwater Zr concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Cd	Filtered rainwater Cd (Cadmium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Cd_avg	Filtered rainwater Cd concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cd_var	Filtered rainwater Cd concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cd_flag	Filtered rainwater Cd concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Sn	Filtered rainwater Sn (Tin) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Sn_avg	Filtered rainwater Sn concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Sn_var	Filtered rainwater Sn concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Sn_flag	Filtered rainwater Sn concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Sb	Filtered rainwater Sb (Antimony) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Sb_avg	Filtered rainwater Sb concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Sb_var	Filtered rainwater Sb concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Sb_flag	Filtered rainwater Sb concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Cs	Filtered rainwater Cs (Caesium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Cs_avg	Filtered rainwater Cs concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cs_var	Filtered rainwater Cs concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Cs_flag	Filtered rainwater Cs concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Ba	Filtered rainwater Ba (Barium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Ba_avg	Filtered rainwater Ba concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ba_var	Filtered rainwater Ba concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ba_flag	Filtered rainwater Ba concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
La	Filtered rainwater La (Lanthanum) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
La_avg	Filtered rainwater La concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
La_var	Filtered rainwater La concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
La_flag	Filtered rainwater La concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Ce	Filtered rainwater Ce (Cerium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Ce_avg	Filtered rainwater Ce concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ce_var	Filtered rainwater Ce concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Ce_flag	Filtered rainwater Ce concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Nd	Filtered rainwater Nd (Neodymium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Nd_avg	Filtered rainwater Nd concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Nd_var	Filtered rainwater Nd concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Nd_flag	Filtered rainwater Nd concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Pb	Filtered rainwater Pb (Lead) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Pb_avg	Filtered rainwater Pb concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Pb_var	Filtered rainwater Pb concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Pb_flag	Filtered rainwater Pb concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
Th	Filtered rainwater Th (Thorium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
Th_avg	Filtered rainwater Th concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Th_var	Filtered rainwater Th concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
Th_flag	Filtered rainwater Th concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
U	Filtered rainwater U (Uranium) concentration.	ug/L	precip_chemistry
U_avg	Filtered rainwater U concentration average of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
U_var	Filtered rainwater U concentration variance of sub_samples within a sample.	ug/L	no_bcodmo_term
U_flag	Filtered rainwater U concentration data quality flag.	unitless	q_flag
station_GEOTRC	GEOTRACES station number; ranges from 1 through 12 for KN199-04 and 1 through 24 for KN204-01. Stations 7 and 9 were skipped on KN204-01. Some GeoFish stations are denoted as X_to_Y indicating the tow occurred between stations X and Y. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	unitless	station
event_GEOTRC	Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES sampling events; ranges from 2001 to 2225 for KN199-04 events and from 3001 to 3282 for KN204-01 events. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	unitless	event
ISO_DateTime_UTC_start	Date and time (UTC) variable recorded at the start of sampling time in ISO compliant format. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description). This standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on the following form: 2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)	YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx][+/-TZ]	ISO_DateTime_UTC
ISO_DateTime_UTC_end	Date and time (UTC) variable recorded at the end of sampling time in ISO compliant format. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description). This standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on the following form: 2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)	YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx][+/-TZ]	ISO_DateTime_UTC

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: GT10-11 - Filtered Rainwater
Deployment: KN204-01

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: GT10-11 - Filtered RainwaterDeployment: KN204-01

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: GT10-11 - Filtered Rainwater
Deployment: KN204-01