Dataset: GP16 Thorium and Protactinium dissolved
Deployment: TN303

Depth profiles of seawater dissolved 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa

Principal Investigator:

Robert F. Anderson (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, LDEO)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Hai Cheng (University of Minnesota Twin Cities, UMTC)

R. Lawrence Edwards (University of Minnesota Twin Cities, UMTC)

Martin Q. Fleisher (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, LDEO)

Contact:

Frank J. Pavia (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, LDEO)

Sebastian M. Vivancos (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, LDEO)

Pu Zhang (University of Minnesota Twin Cities, UMTC)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Nancy Copley (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16) (U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT)

U.S. GEOTRACES Pacific Section: Analysis of 230Th, 232Th and 231Pa (EPZT_Th_Pa)

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Deployment Synonyms:

GP16, GEOTRACES EPZT, GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (EPZT), GT13, 325020131025

Version Date:

2016-11-22

Data URL:

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/643651/data

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Description

The FISH and BOTTLE data have been split into separate columns as per GEOTRACES Parameter Naming Conventions. The FISH data are to the far right.

* To access the data with the FISH and BOTTLE data merged, see:
http://data.bco-dmo.org/jg/serv/BCO/GEOTRACES/EPZT/Th_Pa_diss_joined.html0%7Bdir=data.bco-dmo.org/jg/dir/BCO/GEOTRACES/EPZT/,info=data.bco-dmo.org/jg/info/BCO/GEOTRACES/EPZT/Th_Pa_diss%7D

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

See methodology and notes (pdf)

Related References:

Andersen, M.B., Stirling, C.H., Zimmermann, B., Halliday, A.N. (2010) Precise determination of the open ocean 234U/238U composition. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 11, Q12003.

Anderson, R.F., Fleisher, M.Q., Robinson, L.F., Edwards, R.L., Hoff, J., Moran, S.B., Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M., Thomas, A.L., Roy-Barman, M., François, R. (2012) GEOTRACES intercalibration of 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, and prospects for 10Be. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 10, 179-213.

Auro ME, LF Robinson, A Burke, LI Bradtmiller, MQ Fleisher, RF Anderson (2012) Improvements to 232-thorium, 230-thorium, and 231-protactinium analysis in seawater arising from GEOTRACES intercalibration Limnology and Oceanography, Methods 10, 464-474

Chen, J.H., Lawrence Edwards, R., Wasserburg, G.J. (1986) 238U, 234U and 232Th in seawater. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 80, 241-251.

Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Hoff, J., Gallup, C.D., Richards, D.A., and Asmerom, Y. (2000) The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230. Chemical Geology 169, 17-33.

Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Shen, C.-C., Polyak, V.J., Asmerom, Y., Woodhead, J., Hellstrom, J., Wang, Y.J., Kong, X.G., Spötl, C., Wang, X.F., and E.Calvin Alexander Jr. (2013) Improvements in 230Th dating, 230Th and 234U half-life values, and U–Th isotopic measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 371-372, 82-91.

Owens, S.A., Buesseler, K.O., Sims, K.W.W. (2011) Re-evaluating the 238U-salinity relationship in seawater: Implications for the 238U–234Th disequilibrium method. Marine Chemistry 127, 31-39. Rev. Geophys. 33 (2), 241–265.

Roy-Barman, M., Coppola, L. and Souhaut, M. (2002) Thorium isotopes in the western Mediterranean Sea: an insight into the marine particle dynamics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 196, 161-174.

Shen, C.-C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Thomas, R.B. and Moran, S.B. (2003) Attogram-sized 231Pa Analysis in Dissolved and Particulate fractions of Seawater by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry v. 75, issue 5, 1075-1079.

Shen, C.-C., Edwards, R.L., Cheng, H., Dorale, J.A., Thomas, R.B., Moran, S.B., Weinstein, S., and Edmonds, H.N. (2002) Uranium and thorium isotopic and concentration measurements by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology 185. no. 3-4, 165-178.

Shen, C.C., Wu, C.C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Hsieh, Y.T., Gallet, S., Chang, C.C., Li, T.Y., Lam, D.D., Kano, A, Hori, M. and Spotl, C. (2012) High-precision and high-resolution carbonate Th-230 dating by MC-ICP-MS with SEM protocols. Geochimica Cosmochim. Acta 99, 71-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.018

Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., (1995) The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.

Weyer, S., Anbar, A.D., Gerdes, A., Gordon, G.W., Algeo, T.J., Boyle, E.A. (2008). Natural fractionation of 238U/235U. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 345-359.

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

BCO-DMO Processing:

- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- renamed parameters to BCO-DMO and BODC standards
- split the FISH and BOTTLE data into separate columns as per GEOTRACES Parameter Naming Conventions
- commented out duplicate lines and changed version from 2016-06-13 to 2016-11-21
- version 2016-11-22: expanded Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE and Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR precision from 3 to 5 places
- version 2017-01-31: expanded Th_232_D_CONC_FISH and Th_232_D_CONC_FISH_ERR precision from 3 to 5 places and changed values of Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE and Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR to nd for samples collected by FISH.

Additional GEOTRACES Processing:

As was done for the GEOTRACES-NAT data, BCO-DMO added standard US GEOTRACES information, such as the US GEOTRACES event number, to each submitted dataset lacking this information. To accomplish this, BCO-DMO compiled a 'master' dataset composed of the following parameters:

cruise_id, EXPOCODE,SECT_ID, STNNBR, CASTNO, GEOTRC_EVENTNO, GEOTRC_SAMPNO, GEOTRC_INSTR, SAMPNO, GF_NO, BTLNBR, BTLNBR_FLAG_W, DATE_START_EVENT, TIME_START_EVENT, ISO_DATETIME_UTC_START_EVENT, EVENT_LAT, EVENT_LON, DEPTH_MIN, DEPTH_MAX, BTL_DATE, BTL_TIME, BTL_ISO_DATETIME_UTC, BTL_LAT, BTL_LON, ODF_CTDPRS, SMDEPTH, FMDEPTH, BTMDEPTH, CTDPRS, CTDDEPTH.

This added information will facilitate subsequent analysis and inter comparison of the datasets.

Bottle parameters in the master file were taken from the GT-C_Bottle and ODF_Bottle datasets. Non-bottle parameters, including those from GeoFish tows, Aerosol sampling, and McLane Pumps, were taken from the TN303 Event Log (version 30 Oct 2014). Where applicable, pump information was taken from the PUMP_Nuts_Sals dataset.

A standardized BCO-DMO method (called "join") was then used to merge the missing parameters to each US GEOTRACES dataset, most often by matching on sample_GEOTRC or on some unique combination of other parameters.

If the master parameters were included in the original data file and the values did not differ from the master file, the original data columns were retained and the names of the parameters were changed from the PI-submitted names to the standardized master names. If there were differences between the PI-supplied parameter values and those in the master file, both columns were retained. If the original data submission included all of the master parameters, no additional columns were added, but parameter names were modified to match the naming conventions of the master file.

See the dataset parameters documentation for a description of which parameters were supplied by the PI and which were added via the join method.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-1233688	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

CTD Sea-Bird

Supplied Name:

Supplied Description:

Sea-Bird Electronics CTD carousel fitted with 12 30-liter PVC Niskin bottles, maintained and operated by the Ocean Data Facility of Scripps Institution of Oceangraphy. The carousel was lowered from the ship with steel wire. Niskin bottles were equipped with nylon-coated closure springs and Viton O-rings.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD Sea-Bird

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/

Generic Description:

Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensor package from SeaBird Electronics, no specific unit identified. This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known. See also other SeaBird instruments listed under CTD. More information from Sea-Bird Electronics.

GeoFish Towed near-Surface Sampler

Supplied Name:

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: GeoFish Towed near-Surface Sampler

Acronym: GeoFish

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/31/

Generic Description:

The GeoFish towed sampler is a custom designed near surface (<2m) sampling system for the collection of trace metal clean seawater. It consists of a PVC encapsulated lead weighted torpedo and separate PVC depressor vane supporting the intake utilizing all PFA Teflon tubing connected to a deck mounted, air-driven, PFA Teflon dual-diaphragm pump which provides trace-metal clean seawater at up to 3.7L/min. The GeoFish is towed at up to 13kts off to the side of the vessel outside of the ship's wake to avoid possible contamination from the ship's hull. It was developed by Geoffrey Smith and Ken Bruland (University of California, Santa Cruz).

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Name:

Supplied Description:

Thermo-Finnegan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS, equipped with a high performance Interface pump (Jet Pump), and specially-designed sample (X) and skimmer (Jet) cones to ensure the highest possible sensitivity.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: ICP Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/

Generic Description:

An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Name:

Supplied Description:

Twelve 30-liter PVC Niskin bottles, maintained and operated by the Ocean Data Facility of Scripps Institution of Oceangraphy.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
cruise_id	Official cruise identifier	text	cruise_id
STNNBR	GEOTRACES station number. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file.	unitless	station
lab	lab group that analyzed the samples: LDEO=Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; WHOI=Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst.; UMN=Univ. of Minnesota	text	laboratory
CTDDEPTH	Observation/sample depth in meters; Niskin sample depth calculated from CTD pressure.	meters	depth
depth_pi	Observation/sample depth in meters as reported by the PI	meters	depth
GEOTRC_SAMPNO	Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES samples. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file	integer	sample
CASTNO	Cast identifier numbered consecutively within a station. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file.	integer	cast
BTL_LAT	Latitude of bottle firing; north is positive. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	decimal degrees	lat
BTL_LON	Longitude of bottle firing; east is positive. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	decimal degrees	lon
lat_pi	latitude provided by PI; north is positive	decimal degrees	lat
lon_pi	longitude provided by PI; east is positive	decimal degrees	lon
GEOTRC_EVENTNO	Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES sampling event. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file.	integer	event
SAMPNO	Sample number; Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	unitless	sample
BTLNBR	Alphanumeric characters identifying bottle type (e.g. NIS representing Niskin and GF representing GOFLO) and position on a CTD rosette. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file.	text-integer	bottle
BTLNBR_FLAG_W	Quality flag: 2) ok; 3) questionable; 4) bad analysis; 5) sample lost	unitless	flag
ISO_DATETIME_UTC_START_EVENT	Event start date/time (UTC) formatted to ISO8601 standard. T indicates start of time string; Z indicates UTC. Calculated from original date and time fields. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS.ssZ	ISO_DateTime_UTC
BTL_ISO_DATETIME_UTC	Bottle date/time (UTC) formatted to ISO8601 standard. T indicates start of time string; Z indicates UTC. Calculated from original date and time fields. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS.ssZ	ISO_DateTime_UTC
date_collected	Date sample collected; UTC. PI-supplied values	yyyymmdd	date_utc
time	Time sample collected; UTC. PI-supplied values	hhmm	time
date_dissolved_U_separation	Date when dissolved U separated from Th and Pa (used for correcting measured dissolved Th-230 and Pa-231 for ingrowth by decay of dissolved uranium during the time between sample collection and U separation. PI-supplied values.	yyyymmdd	date
Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE	Dissolved Th-232 concentration from CTD bottle sample	pmol/kg	Th-232
Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	1 sigma error in Dissolved Th-232	pmol/kg	Th232_err
Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Th-232: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE	Dissolved Th-230 concentration from CTD bottle sample	uBq/kg	Th-230
Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	1 sigma error in Dissolved Th-230	uBq/kg	Th230_err
Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Th-230: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration from CTD bottle sample	uBq/kg	Pa-231
Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	1 sigma error in Dissolved Pa-231	uBq/kg	Pa231_err
Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Pa-231: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	Dissolved Th-230 concentration corrected for the dissolution of lithogenic minerals from CTD bottle sample; thereby isolating the dissolved Th-230 produced by decay of dissolved uranium	uBq/kg	Th-230
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	Dissolved Th-230 concentration error	uBq/kg	Th230_err
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Th-230: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration corrected for the dissolution of lithogenic minerals (see notes for full explanation) from CTD bottle sample	uBq/kg	Pa-231
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration error	uBq/kg	Pa231_err
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Pa-231: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Th_232_D_CONC_FISH	Dissolved Th-232 concentration from Geo-Fish sample	pmol/kg	Th-232
Th_232_D_CONC_FISH_ERR	1 sigma error in Dissolved Th-232	pmol/kg	Th232_err
Th_232_D_CONC_FISH_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Th-232: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Th_230_D_CONC_FISH	Dissolved Th-230 concentration from Geo-Fish sample	uBq/kg	Th-230
Th_230_D_CONC_FISH_ERR	1 sigma error in Dissolved Th-230	uBq/kg	Th230_err
Th_230_D_CONC_FISH_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Th-230: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Pa_231_D_CONC_FISH	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration from Geo-Fish sample	uBq/kg	Pa-231
Pa_231_D_CONC_FISH_ERR	1 sigma error in Dissolved Pa-231	uBq/kg	Pa231_err
Pa_231_D_CONC_FISH_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Pa-231: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_FISH	Dissolved Th-230 concentration corrected for the dissolution of lithogenic minerals from Geo-Fish sample; thereby isolating the dissolved Th-230 produced by decay of dissolved uranium	uBq/kg	Th-230
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_FISH_ERR	Dissolved Th-230 concentration error	uBq/kg	Th230_err
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_FISH_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Th-230: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_FISH	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration corrected for the dissolution of lithogenic minerals (see notes for full explanation) from Geo-Fish sample	uBq/kg	Pa-231
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_FISH_ERR	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration error	uBq/kg	Pa231_err
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_FISH_FLAG	Flag for Dissolved Pa-231: 1 = good; 2 = questionable; 3 = bad or no data	unitless	flag

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: GP16 Thorium and Protactinium dissolved
Deployment: TN303

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: GP16 Thorium and Protactinium dissolvedDeployment: TN303

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: GP16 Thorium and Protactinium dissolved
Deployment: TN303