Dataset: coral - energy reserves
Deployment: PM_2009_Grottoli

Coral energy reserves; calcification, chlorophyll a, stable carbon isotopes, stable nitrogen isotopes

Principal Investigator:

Andréa G. Grottoli (Ohio State University)

Contact:

Andréa G. Grottoli (Ohio State University)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Amber D. York (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

Physiology and Biogeochemistry of Repeatedly Bleached and Recovering Caribbean Corals (repeat coral bleaching)

Version Date:

2016-11-01

Data URL:

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/663626/data

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Description

This dataset includes metrics related to coral energy reserves. Fragments of coral species (Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, and Porites divaricata) were analyzed for concentrations of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and chlorophyll a. Carbon isotopic ratios d13C and d15N were measured in both the host and endosymbiont. Health metrics are included which describe bleaching status.

These data were published in:

Schoepf V, Grottoli AG, Levas SJ, Aschaffenburg MD, Baumann J, Matsui Y, Warner ME. (2015) Annual coral bleaching can impair the long-term recovery capacity of corals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282: 20151887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1887.

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Experimental Design (text extracted from Grottoli et al., 2014. See publication for figures and full methods description)

In July 2009, 10 coral fragments from nine healthy colonies of Porites divaricata (branching morphology), Porites astreoides (mounding/encrusting morphology), and Orbicella faveolata (formerly Montastraea faveolata (large, mounding morphology) were collected near Puerto Morelos, Mexico (20 deg 500 N, 86 deg 520 W region). Parent colonies were all at least 10m apart and thus assumed to be genotypically different. Fragments were mounted on labeled PVC tiles, and randomly placed in 10 shaded (600 umol photons m(-2) s(-1) ) outdoor flow-through seawater tanks, allowed to acclimate for 5 days, and then buoyantly weighed. The temperature in five tanks was gradually raised to 31.5C +- 0.20C (single bleaching treatment) over 7 days then maintained at the elevated temperature, while the other five tanks received ambient reef water (controls; 30.6 C +- 0.24C) . After 15 days, one treatment and one control fragment from each parent colony of each species were buoyantly weighed and then frozen at 80 C (0 weeks on the reef). The remaining fragments were transplanted back to the reef at 4.9 m depth (20 deg 52.8150 N, 86 deg 50.9890 W). After 6 weeks on the reef, one additional treatment and control fragment from each colony of each species were collected, buoyantly weighed, and frozen at 80C, while the remaining fragments stayed on the reef for a full year at ambient reef temperatures.

Chlorophyll a was determined according to Jeffrey & Humphrey (1975) and standardized to surface area (Marsh 1970). Chlorophyll a values at 0 and 1.5 months on the reef following repeat bleaching are from Schoepf et al. (2011).

Total soluble lipids, animal soluble protein and animal soluble carbohydrate were determined on ground, frozen coral fragments using established methods (Rodrigues & Grottoli 2007; Schoepf et al 2013) and then converted to Joules per gram ash-free dry weight (Gnaiger & Bitterlich 1984)).

Net calcification was determined using the buoyant weight technique (Jokiel et al 1978) and standardized to surface area. Calcification rates at 0 and 1.5 months on the reef following repeat bleaching are from Grottoli et al. (2014).

Tissue C and N isotopic analyses were performed on separated animal host and endosymbiont fractions using established methods (Rodrigues & Grottoli 2006; Hughes et al 2010). The difference between d13Ch and d13Ce (i.e. d13Ch2e) was calculated to determine the relative contribution of photoautotrophic versus heterotrophic carbon to the coral (Rodrigues & Grottoli 2006; Muscatine et al 1989). Repeated measurements of commercial standards (USGS-24, IAEA-N2) had a standard deviation of +- 0.04(permille) for d13C (n = 55) and +-0.11(permille) for d15N (n = 51).

References:

Gnaiger, E., and G. Bitterlich. "Proximate biochemical composition and caloric content calculated from elemental CHN analysis: a stoichiometric concept." Oecologia 62.3 (1984): 289-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384259

Grottoli, Andréa G., et al. "The cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching can turn some coral species winners into losers." Global change biology 20.12 (2014): 3823-3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12658

Hughes, A. D., et al. "Acquisition and assimilation of carbon in non-bleached and bleached corals." Marine ecology progress series 420 (2010): 91-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08866

Jeffrey, SW T., and G. F. Humphrey. "New spectrophotometric equations for determining chlorophylls a, b, c1 and c2 in higher plants, algae and natural phytoplankton." Biochem Physiol Pflanz BPP (1975).

Jokiel, P. L., J. E. Maragos, and L. Franzisket. "Coral growth: buoyant weight technique." Coral reefs: research methods. UNESCO, Paris (1978): 529-541.

Marsh, James A. "Primary Productivity of Reef‐Building Calcareous Red Algae." Ecology 51.2 (1970): 255-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1933661

Muscatine, L., L. R. McCloskey, and R. E. Marian. "Estimating the daily contribution of carbon from zooxanthellae to coral animal respiration." Oceanography 26.4 (1981). http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1981.26.4.0601

Rodrigues, Lisa J., and Andréa G. Grottoli. "Calcification rate and the stable carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen isotopes in the skeleton, host tissue, and zooxanthellae of bleached and recovering Hawaiian corals." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70.11 (2006): 2781-2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.014

Rodrigues, Lisa J., and Andréa G. Grottoli. "Energy reserves and metabolism as indicators of coral recovery from bleaching." Limnology and oceanography52.5 (2007): 1874-1882. http://doi:10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.1874

Schoepf, Verena, et al. "Short-term coral bleaching is not recorded by skeletal boron isotopes." PloS one 9.11 (2014): e112011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112011

Schoepf, V., et al. others (2013) "Coral energy reserves and calcification in a high-CO2 world at two temperatures." PLoS ONE 8: e75049. http://dx.doi.org/75010.71371/journal.pone.0075049

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Details of the statistical analysis methods are in Schoepf et al 2015.

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:

added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
replaced blanks with underscores
added lat and lon of sampling locations based on coordinates in Grottoli et al. 2014.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0825413	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Name: Thermo-Finnigan Delta IV stable isotope mass spectrometer

Supplied Description:

Costech Elemental Analyzer coupled to a Thermo-Finnigan Delta IV stable isotope mass spectrometer the Grottoli laboratory at Ohio State University.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/

Generic Description:

General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
coral_species	Scientific Name of coral	unitless	taxon
site_lat	Latitude of sample site	decimal degrees	lat
site_lon	Longitude of sample site; west is negative	decimal degrees	lon
coral_id	Coral identifier	unitless	sample
treatment	Treatment (control=non-bleached; treatment=repeat bleached)	unitless	treatment
months_until_rep	Months on the reef following repeat bleaching	unitless	time_elapsed
genotype	Parent colony genotype (each species has genotypes 1-9)	unitless	sample_descrip
chl_a	Chlorophyll a content of the endosymbiont fraction standardized to surface area of the coral fragment	micrograms per centimeter squared (ug/cm2)	chl_a
lipid_J_gdw	Lipid concentration of the coral fragment	Joules per g ash-free dry weight (J/gdw)	lipids_biota
protein_J_gdw	Protein concentration of the coral fragment	Joules per g ash-free dry weight (J/gdw)	proteins
carbohdrate_J_gdw	Carbohydrate concentration of the coral fragment	Joules per g ash-free dry weight (J/gdw)	carbohydrates
calcification	The daily calcification rate measured using the buoyant weight	milligrams per day per centimeter squared (mg/day/cm2)	calcification
d13C_h	Carbon isotopic ration (13C:12C) of the animal host "h" tissue	per mil (o/oo)	d13C_bio
d13C_e	Carbon isotopic ratio (13C:12C) of the endosymbiont "e" tissue	per mil (o/oo)	d13C_bio
d13C_h_e	Difference between the carbon isotopic composition of the animal host and that of the endosymbiont	per mil (o/oo)	d13C_bio
d15N_h	Nitrogen isotopic composition of the animal host tissue	per mil (o/oo)	d15N_bio
d15N_e	Nitrogen isotopic composition of the animal endosymbiont tissue	per mil (o/oo)	d15N_bio
lipid_g_gdw	Lipid concentration of the coral fragment	grams per g ash-free dry weight (g/gdw)	lipids_biota
protein_g_gdw	Protein concentration of the coral fragment	grams per g ash-free dry weight (g/gdw)	proteins
carbohydrate_g_gdw	Carbohydrate concentration of the coral fragment	grams per g ash-free dry weight (g/gdw)	carbohydrates
health_0_months	Health status at 0 months (1=non-bleached; 2=partially bleached; 3=bleached; 4=partially dead non-bleached; 5=partially dead bleached; 6=dead)	unitless	status
health_1_5_months	Health status at 1.5 months (1=non-bleached; 2=partially bleached; 3=bleached; 4=partially dead non-bleached; 5=partially dead bleached; 6=dead)	unitless	status
health_11_months	Health status at 11 months (1=non-bleached; 2=partially bleached; 3=bleached; 4=partially dead non-bleached; 5=partially dead bleached; 6=dead)	unitless	status

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: coral - energy reserves
Deployment: PM_2009_Grottoli

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: coral - energy reservesDeployment: PM_2009_Grottoli

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: coral - energy reserves
Deployment: PM_2009_Grottoli