Dataset: OOI Southern Ocean Array CTD and Water Sampling Data
Deployment: DY096

OOI Global Southern Ocean Array CTD and Discrete Water Sampling Data

View Data: For data, See Dataset Metadata Page: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/923545

Chief Scientist:

Sheri White (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Principal Investigator:

Albert Plueddemann (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Data Manager:

Andrew Reed (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Sawyer Newman (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

OOI Discrete CTD and Water Sampling Cruise Data (OOI Cruise Data)

Version:

Deployment Synonyms:

OOI Southern Ocean Deployment 5

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Description

OOI-CGSN CTD Sampling Guidelines

In general, water samples are collected for analysis at depths that correspond to instrumentation making in situ measurements. For example, Near Surface Instrument Frames (NSIFs) have instrumentation that measure dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity (CTD), nitrate (NUTNR), the partial pressure of CO2 (CO2), and chlorophyll a fluorescence, so water samples should be collected at the depth of the NSIF for analyses of all those parameters. Additionally, as noted above, OOI water sampling data are valid long-term datasets in and of themselves. Thus, some measurement locations are driven by broader science questions.

Soak Time – The CTD rosette should be allowed to equilibrate (e.g., the CTD sensor readout stabilizes) at the desired target depth for at least 1 minute or more depending on conditions. Longer soak times may occur to accommodate acoustic release testing or other activities.

Citing OOI Data

Refer to specific guidance related to citing OOI data on the OOI website at https://oceanobservatories.org/how-to-use-acknowledge-and-cite-data/.

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

OOI Global Array Sampling Guidelines

Global Arrays are comprised of 2 sub-surface Flanking Moorings, 1 sub-surface Hybrid Profiler Mooring, and at the Irminger Sea Array 1 Surface Mooring. Open Ocean Gliders and Global Profiling Gliders are also present at the Arrays. Subsections below define the strategy for sampling in the vicinity of each type of platform. Given the number of depths required to be sampled at Global Arrays, a 24-bottle CTD rosette is required.

There are a few general guidelines which also inform the strategies defined below:

Nutrient data are useful for the validation of Carbon system data.
Water samples should span the full water depth at a minimum of one site..
Only sample Chlorophyll in the euphotic zone where there is a fluorescence signal detected on the CTD casts.
Collect at least one sample per Array where the fluorescence signal is negligible to confirm lack of Chlorophyll.

Sampling at the Global Surface Mooring Location

Sample the full suite (O2, Salts, Carbon, Nutrients, Chlorophyll) at the surface, 12, 40, 80, 130 m.
Sample Carbon at additional depths where pH sensors are mounted (at 20, 100 m).
Also sample O2 and Salts at intervals below 130 where there are CTD sensors.

Sampling at Global Flanking Mooring Locations

Sample the full suite (O2, Salts, Carbon, Nutrients, Chlorophyll) at 30 m.
Sample Chlorophyll additionally at surface and the chlorophyll max.
Sample Nutrients additionally at 130 m.
Also sample O2 and Salts at 60, 90, 130, 250, 500, 1000, 1500 m

Sampling at the Global Hybrid Profiler Mooring Location

Sample the full suite (O2, Salts, Carbon, Nutrients, Chlorophyll) at 30 m.
Sample Chlorophyll additionally at surface and the chlorophyll max, and also at 150 m if there is fluorescence signal.
Sample O2 and Salts at 150 m, and ~4-6 places along the profiler path(s)

Sampling at Global Profiling Glider Deployment and Recovery Locations

Sample O2, Salts and Nutrients at the surface, 30, 50, 100 and 200 m.
Sample Chlorophyll at the surface, 30, 50, 100, and 200 m (if there is a fluorescence signal).

Sampling at Open Ocean Glider Deployment and Recovery Locations

Sample O2 and Salts at the surface, 30, 50, and every 100 m from 100-1000 m.
Sample Chlorophyll at the surface, 30, 50, 100, and 200 m (if there is a fluorescence signal).

Methodology

Salinity

Salinity measurements are performed following the methodology outlined in the WHOI Hydrography Blue Book, Automated Oxygen Titration and Salinity Determination (Knapp et al. 1990). Measurements are performed using a Guildline Autosal model 8400B salinometer (Guildline Instruments of Canada). Manufacturer stated accuracy and precision at 35 psu is +/- 0.003 psu and 0.0002 psu. IAPSO standard seawater is used to standardize the Autosal daily before runs.

Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen measurements are performed following the methodology outlined in the WHOI Hydrography Blue Book, Automated Oxygen Titration and Salinity Determination (Knapp et al. 1990). Measurements are performed using a Metrohm Model 888 Titrando dosing device, with the titration endpoint determined amperometrically. Stated accuracy is 0.02 ml/l, with a precision of 0.001 ml/l.

Nutrients

All nutrient values are reported as the average of triplicate analysis on a single collected sample.

Carbon System

Carbon system measurements are performed by the Wang lab (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution). DIC and TA measurements follow the methodology of Wang and Cai (2004) with uncertainties of 2 umol/kg. DIC measurements are performed with an Apollo Sci-Tech AS-C3. TA measurements are performed with an Apollo Sci-Tech AS-ALK2 and ROSS electrode. pH measurements follow the methodology of Clayton and Byrne (1993) with an uncertainty of 0.002 pH units using an Agilent 8453.

Chlorophyll and Phaeo

Analysis was completed using a Turner Designs Aquafluor Handheld 800446.

Sampling on DY096 (OOI deployment 5) and DY111 (OOI deployment 6)

These cruises were performed in conjunction with the British National Oceanographic Centre as part of their CUSTARD project. All water sampling was performed by them. Data from these samples is also available via the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), thus this data product contains data supplied by the Natural Environmental Research Council.

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

File/row Representation of Water Samples

There should be one row for each station-cast-niskin bottle. Multiple samples for the same parameter from a single niskin bottle are split into separate rows, with the associated CTD data copied to the new row. The first row of the file is the column headers.

Data Fill Values and Flag Description

The data flags are presented in the summary sheet as a 16-bit array, read from right-to-left, where a 1 in a particular bit position indicates a particular flag meaning applies. For example, a flag of 0000000000000010 for the column **CTD_File_Flag** indicates that the cast was a data cast only.

Additionally, these data flags an assessment of the collection and processing of the relevant data or samples, and are not an assessment of the *accuracy* of the data. For example, a conductivity sensor which has the correct calibration coefficients and functions normally will receive a quality flag of 0000000000000100 (acceptable measurement). However, the calibration coefficients may be out of date and off with respect to the discrete salinity results; this does not affect the assigned flag.

For full details about flag meanings, refer to the Readme files available for download in the Supplemental Files section of this metadata page.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
NE/P021247/1	United Kingdom Natural Environmental Research Council
OCE-1743430	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
OCE-2244833	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 total alkalinity titrator

Supplied Name: Apollo Sci-Tech AS-ALK2 and ROSS electrode

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 total alkalinity titrator

Acronym: Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2

Generic Description:

An automated acid-base titrator for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis. The titrator provides standardisation and sample analysis, using the Gran titration procedure for alkalinity determination of seawater and brackish waters. It is designed for both shipboard and land based laboratory use. The precision of the instrument is 0.1 percent or higher, and sample volumes may range from 10-25 ml. Titration takes approximately 8 minutes per sample, and the repeatability is within plus or minus 1-2 micromoles per kg.

Automatic titrator

Supplied Name: Metrohm Model 888 Titrando dosing device

Supplied Description:

Dissolved oxygen measurements are performed following the methodology outlined in the WHOI Hydrography Blue Book Automated Oxygen Titration and Salinity Determination (Knapp et al. 1990). Measurements are performed using a Metrohm Model 888 Titrando dosing device, with the titration endpoint determined amperometrically. Stated accuracy is 0.02 ml/L, with a precision of 0.001 ml/L.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Automatic titrator

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/

Generic Description:

Instruments that incrementally add quantified aliquots of a reagent to a sample until the end-point of a chemical reaction is reached.

Autosal salinometer

Supplied Name: 8400B salinometer (Guildline Instruments of Canada)

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Autosal salinometer

Acronym: salinometer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/

Generic Description:

The salinometer is an instrument for measuring the salinity of a water sample.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Name: Niskin

Supplied Description:

Niskin bottles on CTD rosette used to collect water samples.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

Supplied Name: SBE 43

Supplied Description:

SBE used to determine CTD oxygen values.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

Acronym: SBE-43 DO

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0036/

Generic Description:

The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics

WET Labs {Sea-Bird WETLabs} C-Star transmissometer

Supplied Name: WL CSTAR Trans

Supplied Description:

Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer was used to determine Beam Attenuation and Beam Transmission values.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: WET Labs {Sea-Bird WETLabs} C-Star transmissometer

Acronym: WL CSTAR Trans

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0160/

Generic Description:

The C-Star transmissometer has a novel monolithic housing with a highly intgrated opto-electronic design to provide a low cost, compact solution for underwater measurements of beam transmittance. The C-Star is capable of free space measurements or flow-through sampling when used with a pump and optical flow tubes. The sensor can be used in profiling, moored, or underway applications. Available with a 6000 m depth rating.

More information on Sea-Bird website: https://www.seabird.com/c-star-transmissometer/product?id=60762467717

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Cruise	Cruise name associated with data collection.	unitless	cruiseid
Station	Station ID number. Station numbers are unique per cruise but not unique within the overall dataset.	unitless	sta_id
Target_Asset	OOI platform located near to where the cast is made. Typically this is representative of a mooring or glider deployment or recovery location, or the location of a test cast.	unitless	sta_id
Start_Latitude	Latitude derived from the elog reading at the beginning of the cast.	unitless	lat_start
Start_Longitude	Longitude derived from the elog reading at the beginning of the cast.	unitless	lon_start
Start_Time	Start time of the cast.	unitless	time_begin
Cast	Cast ID number.	unitless	cast
Cast_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to the particular cast. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Bottom_Depth_at_Start_Position	Depth of seafloor at the start time of a cast.	meters	depth_begin
CTD_File	File name of CTD file generated during a cast.	unitless	file_name
CTD_File_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to the CTD file. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Niskin_Bottle_Position	Position of niskin bottle in the CTD rosette.	unitless	bot_Nis
Niskin_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to the Niskin bottle. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time	Datetime of Niskin bottle closure.	unitless	time_end
CTD_Pressure	Pressure measurement from CTD digiquartz pressure sensor.	db	press
CTD_Pressure_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to the CTD pressure reading. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Depth	Depth of seafloor at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	meters	depth
CTD_Latitude	Latitude of CTD at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	unitless	lat
CTD_Longitude	Longitude of CTD at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	unitless	lon
CTD_Temperature_1	Temperature measurement from CTD ITS-90 temperature sensor at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	deg C	temp
CTD_Temperature_1_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Temperature_1. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Temperature_2	Temperature measurement from CTD ITS-90 temperature sensor at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	deg C	q_flag
CTD_Temperature_2_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Temperature_2. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Conductivity_1	CTD conductivity measurement at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	S/m	cond
CTD_Conductivity_1_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Conductivity_1. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Conductivity_2	CTD conductivity measurement at the CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	S/m	cond
CTD_Conductivity_2_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Conductivity_2. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Salinity_1	Salinity value calculated from CTD_Conductivity_1	PSU	sal
CTD_Salinity_2	Salinity value calculated from CTD_Conductivity_2	PSU	sal
CTD_Oxygen	Oxygen measurement taken at CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time by the SBE 43 sensor.	mL/L	O2
CTD_Oxygen_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Oxygen. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Oxygen_Saturation	Derived oxygen saturation value at time of CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time. This calculation is based on the Garcia & Gordon equation.	mL/L	O2sat
CTD_Fluorescence	CTD fluorescence measurement taken at time of CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time. CGSN does not typically measure this parameter on CTD casts.	mg/m^3	fluor
CTD_Fluorescence_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Fluorescence. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Beam_Attenuation	Beam Attenuation measurement from WET Labs C-Star sensor taken at CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	1/m	beam_cp
CTD_Beam_Transmission	Beam transmission measurement from WET Labs C-Star sensor taken at time of CTD_Bottle_Closure_Time.	%	beamc_id
CTD_Transmissometer_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to CTD_Beam_Attenuation. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
CTD_pH	pH measurement taken from CTD cast. CGSN does not measure this parameter on CTD casts.	unitless	pH
Discrete_Oxygen	Discrete Oxygen value taken from the collected water sample.	mL/L	O2
Discrete_Oxygen_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_Oxygen. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page. These flags can be traced back to comments written in the CTD Sampling Log.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Oxygen_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_Oxygen replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page. These flags can be traced back to comments written in the CTD Sampling Log.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Chlorophyll	Discrete Chlorophyll measurement taken from the collected water sample.	ug/L	chl_tot
Discrete_Phaeopigment	Discrete phaeopigment measurement taken from the collected water sample.	ug/L	phaeo
Discrete_Fo_Fa_Ratio	Acidification ratio for pure Chl. CGSN does not measure this parameter.	unitless	Fo_to_Fa
Discrete_Fluorescence_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_Fluorescence. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Fluorescence_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_Oxygen replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Phosphate	Average discrete phospate value taken from across replicate values from water sample.	uM	PO43-
Discrete_Silicate	Average discrete silicate value taken from across replicate values from water sample.	uM	Silicate
Discrete_Nitrate	Average discrete nitrate value taken from across replicate values from water sample.	uM	NO3
Discrete_Nitrite	Average discrete nitrite value taken from across replicate values from water sample.	uM	NO2
Discrete_Ammonium	Average discrete ammonium value taken from across replicate values from water sample.	uM	NH4
Discrete_Nutrients_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to discrete nutrient values. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page. Commonly flagged issues include leaking Niskin or open vent (1000).	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Nutrients_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to nutrient replicate values. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page. If two samples were taken from the same niskin the flag value will be 1000.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Salinity	Discrete salinity value taken from water sample.	psu	sal_bottle
Discrete_Salinity_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_Salinity. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Salinity_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to discrete salinity replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Alkalinity	Discrete alkalinity value taken from water sample.	umol/kg	TALK
Discrete_Alkalinity_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_Alkalinity. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_Alkalinity_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to discrete alkalinity replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_DIC	Discrete dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) value from water sample.	umol/kg	DIC
Discrete_DIC_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_DIC. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_DIC_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to discrete dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_pCO2	Discrete partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) taken from water sample. CGSN typically does not measure this parameter.	uatm	pCO2
pCO2_Analysis_Temp	Discrete partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) analysis temperature. CGSN typically does not measure this parameter.	deg C	pCO2
Discrete_pCO2_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_pCO2. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_pCO2_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to discrete pCO2 replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_pH	Discrete pH value taken from water sample. Typically not as many pH samples are taken as DIC or Total Alkalinity samples.	unitless	pH
pH_Analysis_Temp	pH analysis temperature value taken from water sample.	deg C	pH
Discrete_pH_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to Discrete_pH. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Discrete_pH_Replicate_Flag	16-bit array data quality flag indicating any relevant nuances or details related to discrete pH replicates. For full flag details, see the Readme file for this dataset, available in the Supplemental Files section of the related BCO-DMO metadata page.	unitless	q_flag
Calculated_Alkalinity	Calculated alkalinity value from water sample.	umol/kg	TALK
Calculated_DIC	Calculated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) value from water sample.	umol/kg	DIC
Calculated_pCO2	Calculated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) value from water sample.	uatm	pCO2
Calculated_pH	Calculated pH value from water sample.	unitless	pH
Calculated_CO2aq	Calculated carbon dioxide dissolved in an aqueous solution (CO2aq) value from water sample.	umol/kg	pCO2
Calculated_Bicarb	Calculated sodium bicarbonate (bicarb) value from water sample.	umol/kg	bicarbonate
Calculated_CO3	Calculated carbon trioxide (CO3) value from water sample.	umol/kg	carbonate
Calculated_OmegaC	Calculated Omega C value from water sample.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
Calculated_OmegaA	Calculated Omega A value from water sample.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: OOI Southern Ocean Array CTD and Water Sampling Data
Deployment: DY096

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: OOI Southern Ocean Array CTD and Water Sampling DataDeployment: DY096

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: OOI Southern Ocean Array CTD and Water Sampling Data
Deployment: DY096