Description:
Four types of experimental treatments were used: (All Present) Open with full access to all grazers. (Urchins Only) Urchin inclusions, where two pencil urchins remained caged throughout the duration of each trial to maintain the identity and density of our herbivore of interest constant. (None Present) Full exclusions, preventing access to all macro-herbivores such as sea urchins, fishes, iguanas, and turtles, but not to meso-herbivores such as amphipods. These cages are covered with a top. (Procedural) Procedural control that included partial sides, designed to affect flow and light to a similar degree as other cages to test for experimental artifacts of the herbivore manipulation.