Dataset: salmon_thermal

Name: Salmon otoliths - hatchery thermal marks from F/V Great Pacific, R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific from 2001-2004 (NEP project)
Published: 2009-04-21
Keywords: biota, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3016.1

Spatial Extent: N:60.0405 E:-137.1962 S:55.185 W:-157.4333

Temporal Extent: 2001-07-17 - 2004-11-08

Project:

U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific (NEP)

Program:

U.S. GLOBal ocean ECosystems dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC)

Principal Investigator:

Edward D. Cokelet (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA-PMEL)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Edward V. Farley (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-AFSC-Auke)

Alex C. Wertheimer (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-AFSC-Auke)

Scientist:

Jamal Hasan Moss (University of Washington, UW)

Jamal Hasan Moss (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-AFSC-Auke)

Contact:

Jamal Hasan Moss (University of Washington, UW)

Jamal Hasan Moss (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-AFSC-Auke)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Nancy Copley (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Version:

Version Date:

2009-04-21

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Salmon otoliths - hatchery thermal marks from F/V Great Pacific, R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific from 2001-2004 (NEP project)

Abstract:

Salmon otoliths - hatchery thermal marks from F/V Great Pacific, R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific from 2001-2004.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier	Date Assigned
2009-04-21	National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC)	0115263	2013-12-23
2009-04-21	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3016.1	2020-01-20

Description

GLOBEC 2000: Factors Affecting the Distribution of Juvenile Salmon in the Gulf of Alaska
J. Helle (NMFS/AFSC, Auke Bay Laboratory)
E. D. Cokelet (Pacific Marine Environmentla Laboratory),
E. V. Farley, Jr. (NMFS/AFSC, Auke Bay Laboratory),
A. B. Hollowed (NMFS/AFSC),
P. J. Stabeno (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory)

"Remarkable changes in atmospheric, oceanic and biological conditions have occurred in recent decades in the North Pacific Ocean including declines in the marine survival of some salmon stocks. Fishery scientists generally agree that in the first few months after leaving freshwater, salmon survival and growth are linked to oceanic variability. The purpose of this research is to focus National Marine Fisheries Service studies on the GLOBEC region, augment oceanographic measurements and determine what biological and physical factors influence the distribution of juvenile salmon. Three general hypotheses are explored in this proposal: (1) juvenile salmon prefer the buoyancy-driven Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) at the head of the Gulf of Alaska, (2) they associate with oceanic temperature, salinity, current and prey fields, and (3) they migrate landward of Kodiak Island in the ACC rather than seaward in the Alaskan Stream. Annual, summer cruises aboard a chartered fishing vessel will catch juvenile salmon on 10 transects between Yakutat Bay and Kodiak Island. The vessel will be outfitted with a thermosalinograph to measure sea-surface temperature and salinity, and with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) - each operating continuously for fine-scale resolution. Modeled tidal currents will be removed from ADCP measurements to reveal the mean flow fields. At each trawl site, temperature and salinity profiles will provide water-column properties, and bongo-net hauls will give zooplankton distributions. Stomach samples from juvenile salmonids will be analyzed in the laboratory for diet composition and compared with zooplankton distributions. Analysis of salmon otoliths for hatchery thermal marks and Genetic Stock Identification techniques will be used to determine the home stream of hatchery and wild stocks in the Gulf of Alaska and their distribution with respect to oceanographic regimes. Retrospective analysis of catch per unit effort versus oceanographic and prey factors will reveal what affects the distribution of pink, chum, coho and sockeye salmon in the study region. Proxies for bio-physical factors will be developed and compared with salmon-run size."(project proposal)

Data Collection Details
Types: CTD profiles, ADCP profiles of ocean current, juvenile salmonid catch statistics from trawls, salmonid stomach samples analyzed for diet composition, salmonid otolith analyses, Genetic Stock Identification, zooplankton distributions from bongo-net hauls.
Platform: Chartered fishing vessel
Spatial extent: 10 transects perpendicular to the coast between Yakutat Bay and Kodiak Island
Temporal extent: ~2 weeks each July-August of 2001-2004.

Methods & Sampling

Fish samples were collected with a 198-m-long mid-water rope trawl with hexagonal mesh wings and body, and a 1.2-cm mesh liner in the codend (Fig. 2, Table 1). The rope trawl was towed at 3.5 to 5 kt, at or near surface, and had a typical spread of 40-m horizontally and 14-m vertically. All tows lasted 30 minutes and covered 1.5 to 2.8 nautical miles. All fish sampling was done during daylight hours. Sometimes this meant that salmon trawls preceded CTD casts. For reference, sunrise occurred at 06:04 ADT and sunset at 22:27 ADT on 1 August 2003 at 58o N. Alaska Daylight Time (ADT) is 8 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

Data Processing Description

Salmon and other fishes were sorted by species and counted. Standard biological measurements including fork length, body weight and sex. Scale samples from a preferred area (to document age and growth) were taken from subsamples of all salmon species. Subsamples of juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon were frozen whole for laboratory analyses of food habits, otolith hatchery thermal marks (pink and chum salmon), and genetic analysis (chum salmon). Tissues and otoliths were also saved from immature and maturing chum salmon to determine stock distribution and migration of these salmon. All other fish species were counted; juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were frozen whole for laboratory analyses.

Data Files

File
salmon_thermal.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 1.03 MB) MD5:f40e76cc24b4ba379056fd91de7008f3 Primary data file for dataset ID 3016

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	unknown NEP NOAA
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-0109078

Deployments

Deployment	Synonyms	Start Date	Platform	Investigator
GP0108	GP0101	2001-07-17	F/V Great Pacific	Edward V. Farley (Chief Scientist)	data info
GP0207-01	GP0201	2002-07-11	F/V Great Pacific	Edward D. Cokelet (Chief Scientist)	data info
GP0207-02	GP0201	2002-07-28	F/V Great Pacific	Chris Kondzela (Chief Scientist)	data info
GP0401-01		2004-10-17	F/V Great Pacific	Jamal Hasan Moss (Chief Scientist)	data info
GP0401-02		2004-11-01	F/V Great Pacific	Edward D. Cokelet (Chief Scientist)	data info
MF0310		2003-07-18	R/V Miller Freeman	Edward D. Cokelet (Chief Scientist)	data info

Instruments

Midwater Trawl

Supplied Description:

198-m-long mid-water rope trawl with hexagonal mesh wings and body, and a 1.2-cm mesh liner in the codend.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Midwater Trawl

Acronym: TrawlMid

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/23/

Generic Description:

A mid-water or pelagic trawl is a net towed at a chosen depth in the water column to catch schooling fish such as herring and mackerel. Midwater trawl nets have very large front openings to herd schooling fish toward the back end where they become trapped in the narrow "broiler". The sides of the deployed net are spread horizontally with two large metal foils, called "doors," positioned in front of the net. As the trawler moves forward, the doors, and therefore the net, are forced outward, keeping the net open.
This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
year	year of sample collection	unitless	year
haul_id	haul identification number: year plus number	unitless	tow
sta_id	station identification	unitless	sta_id
control_id	unique sample number: First four numbers are year; following six numbers are individual fish identification numbers.	unitless	sample
month_local	month, local time	unitless	month_local
day_local	day, local time	unitless	day_local
time_start_local	starting time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock	unitless	time_start_local
yrday_local	local day and decimal time, as 326.5 for the 326th day of the year, or November 22 at 1200 hours (noon)	unitless	yrday_local
lat_start	latitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative), in decimal degrees	decimal degrees	lat_start
lon_start	longitude at starting time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes West)	decimal degrees	lon_start
distance_start	distance from start of the transect	nautical miles	no_bcodmo_term
depth_start	depth at the start of the haul	meters	depth_begin
temp_start	water temperature at measurement depth	degrees Celsius	temp
time_end_local	ending time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock	unitless	time_end_local
lat_end	latitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)	decimal degrees	lat_end
lon_end	longitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes West)	decimal degrees	lon_end
depth_end	water depth at end of the haul	meters	depth_end
temp_end	water temperature at measurement depth	degrees Celsius	temp
habitat	nearshore, shelf, slope, or offshore	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
age	juvenile or adult	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
species	genus and species name of the fish	unitless	species
hatchery_id	release location of juvenile salmon.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
hatchery_special_id	location where a subgroup of juvenile salmon were released, usually at a different time from another subgroup from the same hatchery in the same year.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
fwage	age determined by fish weight	years	age_by_mass
brood_year	the year this fish was hatched	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
comments_thermal_mark_or_haul_info	comments pertaining to the otolith thermal mark or the sampling	unitless	comment
comments_hatchery	comments pertaining to the hatchery	unitless	comment
cruiseid	cruise identifier	unitless	cruiseid

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