Table of Contents

• Dataset Description
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Program Information
• Funding

Profiles of  hyperspectral upwelling plane radiance L_u(λ) where λ = 320-950 nanometers acquired with TriOS ARC optical sensor.  256 channels.

In situ hyperspectral downwelling plane irradiance Ed(λ) and hyperspectral upwelling radiance Lu(λ) , parameter names Ed and Lu, respectively): The TriOS ACC Ed sensor measured hyperspectral downwelling plane irradiance from 320-950 nm.  The TriOS ARC Lu sensor measured upwelling radiance from 320-950 nm.  Both sensors sampled at ~3.3 nm spectral resolution and 0.3 nm spectral accuracy.  From the raw 12 bit digital values, calibrated irradiance Ed(λ) (W m-2 nm-1) and radiance Lu(λ) (W m-2 sr-1nm-1) was computed from the ACC and ARC sensors, respectively, using pre-cruise factory calibration coefficients and the equations provided by TriOS (TriOS 2004).  ACC Ed and ARC Lu sensor measurement wavelengths are not identical; no spectral interpolation has been performed.  Two data quality parameters are available:  tilt and qflag.  The parameter “tilt” indicates the tilt of the sensor (and float) in degrees from vertical, while qflag indicates data quality: 1 = acceptable, 0 = biofouling suspect. The ACC Ed sensor appears to be biofouled during days 120 – 142; while no biofouling correction has been applied to the radiometric data, qflag is set to zero during this time.  Shading of the ACC (Ed(λ)) by the top-mounted  CTD, GPS and Argos antennas, ring supports is possible; effects of this shading have not been quantified but will appear as variability in the measurements rather than bias.  The effects of self-shading due to the 1 m square drogue deployed during drift mode have not yet been quantified.  For more details, see Radiometry_and_PAR_Calibration-NAB08.pdf.

NAB2008 was a process experiment designed to study an important component of the oceanic carbon system - the North Atlantic spring bloom. The phytoplankton bloom occurring each spring in the North Atlantic, drives the uptake of carbon dioxide and is an important component of the biological pump (Bagniewski et al., 2010). Previous studies in this region have shown the importance of small temporal and spatial scales, i.e. ecosystem patchiness, during the bloom, but were restricted by the limitations of ship-based sampling. Recent advances in autonomous platforms and sensors presented an opportunity to study this important event in a new way. In addition to deployment of a diverse suite of in situ sampling devices, NAB2008 was also a test-bed for developing the strategies and knowledge needed to successfully use new methods to drive the next generation of ocean observations.

In 2008, a coordinated deployment of 1 float, 4 Seagliders and 2 research vessels sampled the evolution of the North Atlantic spring bloom along and surrounding the nearly Lagrangian path followed by the float. The autonomous measurements were continuous through the experimental period, and included CTD, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and oxygen on all platforms; and nitrate, optical attenuation, and various radiance measurements on the float. Velocities were determined from the vehicle motion, with the float extending to a depth of 230 meters and gliders to 1,000 meters. The autonomous vehicles were deployed, rescued, and recovered on three cruises of the Icelandic vessel Bjarni Saemundsson. A 21-day cruise of the R/V Knorr conducted more detailed measurements during the peak of the bloom in May. The R/V Knorr sampling program included optical profiles, ADCP data and analysis of water samples for nutrients, particulate organic carbon, pigments, micro-plankton composition, complemented by guest investigator analyses. Data from both ships were used to calibrate and validate the autonomous measurements.

References:
Bagniewski, W., Fennel, K., Perry, M. J., and D'Asaro, E. A. (2010) Optimizing models of the North Atlantic spring bloom using physical, chemical and bio-optical observations from a Lagrangian float, Biogeosciences Discuss., 7, pp. 8477-8520, doi:10.5194/bgd-7-8477-2010

NAB08 preprints

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The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.

The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.

The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.

The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.