| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cutter, Gregory A. | Old Dominion University (ODU) | Chief Scientist |
| Chandler, Cynthia L. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Niskin bottle basic hydrography from CTD.
| File |
|---|
btl_IC1.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 67.97 KB) MD5:5a701d0bc8e4186851c9003459f13867 Primary data file for dataset ID 3500 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| Cruise_ID | Cruise identifier | dimensionless |
| date | Date of sample | YYYYMMDD |
| lon | longitude | decimal degrees |
| lat | latitude | decimal degrees |
| Zmax | Depth maximum | dimensionless |
| depth | sampling | meter |
| temp | Temperature | degrees Celsius |
| temp_S | Temperature from Secondary Sensor | degrees Celsius |
| cond | Conductivity | dimensionless |
| cond_S | Conductivity from secondary sensor | dimensionless |
| sal | Salinity | dimensionless |
| sigma_0 | water potential density - 1000 | kg m^-3 |
| o2_mmkg | dissolved oxygen concentration | micromol per kilogram |
| trans | transmissivity | percent |
| flvolt | fluorometer | volts |
| turbidity | turbidity | Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) |
| turbid_v | turbidity | volts |
| trans_v | transmissivity | volts |
| potemp_S | potential temperature (International Practical Temperature Scale - 68 ,or 90) from secondary sensor. When known, the scale will be reported in the units field of the documentation file. | degrees |
| sigma_0 | sigma_theta | kilograms/meter^3 |
| sigma_t | sigma-t | kilograms/meter^3 |
| density | density | kilograms/meter^3 |
| potemp | potential temperature | degrees Celsius |
| sound_vel | sound velocity | meters per second |
| o2_sat | Dissolved oxygen saturation percent | percent |
| o2_volts | raw voltages from dissolved oxygen sensor | volts |
| event | Event identification number. | dimensionless |
| cast | Unique cast identification number. | dimensionless |
| time | Time, in hours and minutes. | HHMM |
| bot_Nis | Bottle identification number. | dimensionless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird 911 |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird 911 |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Knorr |
| Start Date | 2008-06-29 |
| End Date | 2008-07-12 |
| Description | GEOTRACES intercalibration cruise 1 (June 2008)
Original cruise data are available from the NSF R2R data catalog
GEOTRACES completed the first Intercalibration cruise from June 8 to July 12, 2008, collecting water and particle samples for analysis and intercalibration. This intercalibration exercise aimed to provide reference materials that could be distributed to the international community and reference profiles of Trace Elements and their Isotopes to ensure compatibility and consistency of GEOTRACES data.
The exercise involved a two leg cruise with the first (KN193-5) focusing on the collection of seawater reference material and the second (KN193-6) on particles. The R/V Knorr departed Norfolk, Virginia USA and transected to the BATS station southeast of Bermuda where the bulk of sampling took place. Scientific crew change for the second leg of the cruise was in Bermuda on June 27 and particle sampling began at BATS with underway sampling during the return leg to Norfolk, arriving on July 12.
The research performed on this cruise was designed to support the three primary objectives of the U.S. GEOTRACES Intercalibration effort: (1) Develop and test the US GEOTRACES sampling systems and procedures for dissolved and particulate TEIs. Results will comprise a community resource for use in all future US GEOTRACES' cruises; (2) Using these systems, conduct a thorough intercalibration for all the key GEOTRACES TEIs, and as many others as possible, in the dissolved and particulate phases through the participation of the worldwide TEI community; (3) Establish a GEOTRACES Baseline Station in the western North Atlantic, specifically at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Station, as part of the Intercalibration Cruise. This research is a collaborative effort among 3 Principal Investigators (Cutter, Old Dominion U.; Bruland, U. of California, Santa Cruz; R. Sherrell, Rutgers U.), but participation in the intercalibration component of GEOTRACES is international and will involve at least 80 other laboratories.
If you are interested in participating in this exercise, note that selected samples for intercalibration will also be available after the cruise. For general information about the intercalibration effort please contact Greg Cutter
Sampling Activities: Intercalibration cruise with CTD's, several water pump systems, and trace metal water collecting
Cruise Participants: (from the pre-cruise letter)
Dr. Gregory Cutter, Chief Scientist, Old Dominion University
Dr. Edward Boyle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dr. Seth John, California Institute of Technology
Dr. Kenneth Bruland, University of California, Santa Cruz
Mr. Matthew Brown, University of California, Santa Cruz
Ms. Sherry Lippiatt, University of California, Santa Cruz
Dr. Maeve Lohan, University of Plymouth, UK
Mr. Geoffrey Smith, University of California, Santa Cruz
Ms. Bettina Sohst, University of California, Santa Cruz
Mr. Juan Santos-Echeandia, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Spain
Dr. Jay Cullen, University of Victoria, Canada
Mr. Curtis Barnes, Old Dominion University
Mr. Peter Morton, Old Dominion University
Mr. Brandon Gipson, Old Dominion University
Ms. Carie Lingle, Old Dominion University
Dr. Carl Lamborg, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. William Landing, Florida State University
Ms. Kathleen Gosnell, Florida State University
Dr. Robert Mason, University of Connecticut
Ms. Susan Gichuki, University of Connecticut
Mr. Maxime Grand, University of Hawaii
Dr. Mariko Hatta, University of Hawaii
Dr. Hajime Obata, University of Tokyo
Dr. Robert Sherrell, Rutgers University
Ms. Tali Babila, Rutgers University
Ms. Christine Theodore, Rutgers University
Dr. Silke Severmann, University of California, Riverside
Dr. Kazuhiro Norisue, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan
Dr. Jingfeng Wu, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Dr. Chundi Li, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
Dr. Robert Rember, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Dr. Ana Aguilar-Islas, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Mr. James Avery, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Ms. Amy Simoneau, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
An international intercalibration effort has been assigned a high priority during the initial phase of GEOTRACES to ensure that results from different cruises, and from different labs, can be compared in a meaningful way.
While the original data from the Intercalibration cruises are not available online, consensus values for the SAFe and North Atlantic GEOTRACES Reference Seawater Samples are available from the GEOTRACES Program Office: Standards and Reference Materials
The ultimate goal for the intercalibration component of the international GEOTRACES program is to achieve the best accuracy possible (lowest random and systematic errors) for the suite of GEOTRACES' Trace Elements and Isotopes (TEI) as a prelude to the sampling program, and continuing effort throughout the sampling and analysis program. To achieve this goal, there will be two primary efforts:
(1) Evaluate and develop GEOTRACES sample acquisition, handling, and storage protocols during initial Intercalibration Cruises;
(2) Identify existing GEOTRACES primary standards and certified reference materials (CRMs) for the TEI suite (and where needed, producing reference materials or primary standards), including the establishment of GEOTRACES Baseline Stations that can be used to evaluate accuracy from sampling to analysis (to facilitate intercalibration for TEIs that do not have CRMs).
Tentative schedule of Intercalibration events:
• June - July 2008. 1st Intercalibration cruise (Sargasso Sea): evaluate sampling apparati and handling methods (diss and part), collect and distribute intercalibration samples, sample storage experiments, establish Baseline Station at BATS
• Dec. 2008. Second Intercalibration workshop (AGU): evaluate and interpret intercalibration results, planning for 2nd cruise
• Spring 2009. 2nd Intercalibration cruise (eastern North Pacific): final testing of complete sampling system and procedures, intercalibrate with other (non-US) sampling systems, speciation + total TEI intercalibration, determine the time to occupy one GEOTRACES station (for cruise planning purposes)
• Jan.-Feb 2010. Third Intercalibration workshop: finalize complete intercalibration results, begin assembling GEOTRACES User Manuals
GEOTRACES intercalibration cruise 1 June 2008
GEOTRACES completed the first Intercalibration cruise from June 8 to July 12, 2008 to collect intercalibration water and particle samples. This intercalibration exercise aimed to provide reference materials that could be distributed to the international community and reference profiles of Trace Elements and their Isotopes to ensure compatibility and consistency of GEOTRACES data.
GEOTRACES intercalibration cruise 2 May 2009
The second intercalibration cruise is planned for May 2009 in the eastern North Pacific and will include sampling near the North Pacific SAFe Station at 30°N, 140°W.
If you are interested in participating in this exercise, note that selected samples for intercalibration will also be available after the cruise. For general information about the intercalibration effort please contact Greg Cutter.
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |