Biology and chemistry in Arctic surface microlayer and subsurface waters from R/V Oden cruise ASCOS2008 from the High Arctic Ocean in 2008 (87degs N, 1-6degs E) (Marine Microgels project)

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3593
Version: 04 January 2012
Version Date: 2012-01-04

Project
» Marine microgels: A microlayer source of summer CCN in high Arctic open lead (Marine Microgels)

Program
» Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
Matrai, Patricia A.Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesPrincipal Investigator, Contact
Orellana, Monica V.Institute for Systems Biology (ISB)Co-Principal Investigator
Gegg, Stephen R.Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager

Table of Contents

Dataset Description

Biology and chemistry in Arctic surface microlayer and subsurface waters: DMSP, amino acids, chlorophyll-a, carbon, nitrogen, sugars, proteins, concentrations of phytoplankton and bacteria.
 
Related files and references: 
Matrai, P. A., Tranvik, L., Leck, C. & Knulst, J. Are high Arctic microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors? Mar. Chem. 108, 109-122 (2008).

Orellana M.V., P.A. Matrai, C. Leck, C.D. Rauschenberg, Allison M. Lee and E. Coz. Marine microgels as cloud condensation nuclei in the high Arctic. PNAS  108 (33) 13612-13617; published ahead of print August 8, 2011, doi:10.1073/pnas.1102457108 (2011).

Gao, Q., C. Leck, C. Rauschenberg, and P. Matrai. On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, ASCOS Special Issue, subm. (2012).
 

Methods & Sampling

Sampling and Analytical Methodology: 

Samples were obtained during the drift phase (13 August- 1 September 2008) of the international ASCOS field campaign to the high Arctic Ocean. Surface microlayer samples were obtained with battery-operated catamaran-type vessels fitted with a rotating drum covered with a thin sheet of sodium-in-liquid-ammonia-edged (hydrophilic) Teflon film (Matrai et al. 2008). The depth of the SML sampled ranged from 2 to 41 μm. We performed SSWW sampling with acid-cleaned bottles rinsed in distilled deionised water (18 M?) at < 30 cm below the surface microlayer.

DMS and DMSP were measured with cryotrapping and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The dissolved fraction was obtained by gravity filtration and low volume sampling, through a Whatman GF/F filter that retained the particulate fraction (Matrai and Keller 1993).
Chlorophylls were determined according to Holm-Hansen et al. (1965).
Bulk carbohydrates (d-MCHO, d-PCHO) were quantified with the TPTZ protocol (Hung et al. 2001, 2003).
Total organic carbon samples were collected in acid-cleaned containers and stored frozen, until analysis by high temperature combustion (Knap et al. 1996), calibrated with DOC Certified Reference standards.
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were quantified in material collected on Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters stored frozen until laboratory analysis (Knap et al. 1996).
Individual amino acids were determined on 0.2 µm-filtered samples, with acid hydrolysis and separation achieved by using reverse phase HPLC with precolumn OPA derivitization (Mopper & Dawson 1986, Keil and Kirchman 1991).
Proteins were determined in the particulate phase, after filtration with a Whatman GF/F glass filber filter (Dortch et al. 1984, Clayton et al. 1988).
Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were enumerated with flow cytometry (Sieracki et al. 1999), after fixation with 0.5% paraformaldehyde, flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storage at -80oC.
 
 
Clayton J J, Dortch Q, Thoresen S, Ahmed S (1988) Evaluation of methods for the separation and analysis of proteins and free amino acids in phytoplankton samples. J Plankton Res 10: 341-358. [proteins]
Dortch Q, Clayton J R J, Thoresen S S, Ahmed S I (1984) Species differences in accumulation of nitrogen pools in phytoplankton. Mar Biol 81: 237-250. [proteins]
Holm-Hansen O, CJ Lorenzen, RW Holmes and JDH. Strickland. 1965. Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll.  Journal du Conseil.  Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 30 : 3-15.
Hung C-C et al. (2003) Distributions of carbohydrate species in the Gulf ofMexico. Mar Chem 81: 119-135. [polysacharides]
Hung C-C, Tang D, Warnken K, Santschi P H (2001) Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay. Mar Chem 73: 305- 318. [mono, polysacharides]
Keil R, Kirchman D (1991) Dissolved combined aminoacids in marine waters as determined by a vapor-phase hydrolysis method. Mar Chem 33: 243-259. [aminoacids]
Knap A et al. (1996) Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements. [POC, PON, TOC, TN]
Matrai P A, Keller M D (1993) Dimethylsulfide in a large-scale coccolithophore bloom in the Gulf of Maine. Cont Shelf Res 13: 831-843. [DMS, DMSP]
Matrai, P. A., Tranvik, L., Leck, C. & Knulst, J. Are high Arctic microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors? Mar. Chem. 108, 109-122 (2008). [microlayer sampling]
Mopper K, Dawson R (1986) Determination of amino acids in seawater - Recent chromatographic developments and future directions. Sci Total Environ 49: 115-131. [amino acids]
Sieracki, M., T. Cucci, and  J. Nicinskihttp://aem.asm.org/content/65/6/2409.abstract - aff-1 (1999). "Flow cytometric analysis of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride activity of marine bacterioplankton in dilution cultures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(6): 2409-2417. [phytoplankton and bacterial counts]
 
 
 

Data Processing Description

Data Processing:
These are the original data, derived from calibration curves,  as described in the methods.
 
BCO-DMO Processing Notes
Generated from original .xlsx file "ASCOS-Biology_data-for BCO-DMO2.csv" contributed by Paty Matrai

BCO-DMO Edits

- Date reformatted to "YYYYMMDD"
- "NaN" replaced with "nd" for no data value
- "nd" (no data value) inserted in blank cells
- Commas in Station type converted to semicolons
- Parameter names modified to conform to BCO-DMO convention(spaces eliminated, underscores inserted, etc)
- Data values standardized to common number of decimal places reorted for data/parameter type
 

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Data Files

File
Biology.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 7.80 KB)
MD5:f3344da9d9563e5db9f2c9e15219edd5
Primary data file for dataset ID 3593

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
Date

Date

YYYYMMDD
DOY

Day of Year

ddd.dd
Station_type

Station type description

text
Lat

Station latitude (South is negative)

Decimal degrees
Lon

Station longitude (West is negative)

Decimal degrees
true_wind_direction

True wind direction

degrees
true_wind_speed

True wind speed

m/s
depth

Depth

m
DMS

dimethyl sulfide

nM
DMS_sd

dimethyl sulfide sdev

nM
DMSPp

particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate

nM
DMSPp_sd

particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate sdev

nM
DMSPd

dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate

nM
DMSPd_sd

dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate sdev

nM
AA_diss

total dissolved aminoacids

nM
AA_sd

total dissolved aminoacids sdev

nM
Chl

chlorophyll a

ug/l
Chl_sd

chlorophyll a sdev

ug/l
POC

particulate organic carbon

ug/l
POC_sd

particulate organic carbon sdev

ug/l
PON

particulate organic nitrogen

ug/l
PON_sd

particulate organic nitrogen sdev

ug/l
Tot_ndo_phyto_conc

Total nano phytoplankton concentration

Number of cells/ml
Tot_Bact_conc

Total bacterial concentration

Number of cells/ml
polysaccharides_acid

Polysaccharides acid

ug C/L
polysaccharides_acid_sd

Polysaccharides acid sdev

ug C/L
monosacharides_dissolved

Monosaccharides

uM C
monosaccharides_sd

Monosaccharides sdev

uM C
polysaccharides_dissolved

Polysaccharides total

uM C
Proteins_particulate

Proteins particulate

ug/l
proteins_sd

Proteins particulate sdev

ug/l
TOC

total organic carbon

uM
TN

total nitrogen

uM

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Deployments

ASCOS2008

Website
https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/58764
Platform
R/V Oden
Report
http://articascos.blogspot.com/
Start Date
2008-08-01
End Date
2008-09-08
Description
The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study is a scientific ice-breaker borne mission to the high Arctic Ocean. The focus is on the physical and chemical processes leading to cloud formation, and scientists ranging from chemists and biologists to oceanographers and meteorologists will contribute.   Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)   ARCTIC ASCOS blog   */ ASCOS Special Issue in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics  


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Project Information

Marine microgels: A microlayer source of summer CCN in high Arctic open lead (Marine Microgels)

Website: http://www.ascos.se/

Coverage: High Arctic Ocean (87degs N, 1-6degs E)


Investigators from the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences and the Institute for Systems Biology received funding to identify and quantify organic molecules in the Arctic Ocean that serve as cloud condensation nuclei. They investigated the possibility that organic particles on the surface of the Arctic ocean form microgels which become airborne and play a significant role in cloud formation. They will determine the origins of the gels through a variety of chemical analyses. The project will help understand the dynamics of stratocumulus clouds and their effects on Arctic climate. Data will be collected in collaboration with Swedish scientists as part of the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS).

Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)

ARCTIC ASCOS blog

ASCOS Special Issue in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics



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Program Information

Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)

Website: http://www.ascos.se/

Coverage: High Arctic Ocean (87degs N, 1-6degs E)


The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study is a scientific ice-breaker borne mission to the high Arctic Ocean. The focus is on the physical and chemical processes leading to cloud formation, and scientists ranging from chemists and biologists to oceanographers and meteorologists will contribute.

Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)

ARCTIC ASCOS blog

ASCOS Special Issue in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Arctic Sciences (NSF ARC)
ARC-0707555
NSF Arctic Sciences (NSF ARC)
ARC-0707513

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