| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bernhard, Joan M. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Principal Investigator |
| Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Niskin bottle data from 4 CTD casts made during the May 2013 EN524 cruise aboard R/V Endeavor. CTD data were preliminarily processed by the ship's technician during the cruise for initital sensor check. No post-cruise processing or calibrations have been applied.
Notes from the ship's technician:
No CTD "in water" tests were done during the cruise. Four CTD “on deck” tests were done during the cruise. Sampling casts were to ~72m, or shallower ~4m above bottom. The PAR and SPAR sensors were not installed at all during the cruise. Unless otherwise requested, only Primary Cond is advanced in deck unit. However, our Version 2 of SBE Model 11 plus deck unit can advance both. The Secondary Cond is advanced in processing. Max winch speed was 30 m/min. 12 place frame with 12 OTE external tension sample bottles were used.
CTD gets GPS from bridge switch. Whatever GPS they have selected is the unit that is used (most likely Northstar/Furuno WAAS or Furuno WAAS). 4800 baud.
The seas were calm for most of the cruise with rain and winds to ~25kts on 20 May 2013.
The CTD for all four casts had Pressure, dual Temperature and Conductivity sensors and Pumps, WET Labs C-Star 25cm Transmissometer, WET Labs ECO Fluorometer, Benthos Altimeter, SBE43 Oxygen 1, Oxygen 2 sensors and 12 OTE 10L Niskin bottles on the smaller (12pl) of GSO’s SBE frames. CTD was horizontally mounted.
Notes from the ship's technician:
Data have been preliminarily processed by the ship's technician during the cruise for intitial sensor check. No post-cruise processing or calibrations have been applied. Pressure and blocked transmissometer values from a deck test were used to create con files with updated pressure and transmissometer sensor coefficients. All casts were processed with updated con files (con file used named "EN524_0444d_NoPS.xmlcon").
Configuration Reports (PDF files):
CTD con report
CTD psa report
BCO-DMO Processing Notes:
Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
Removed several columns from data display: scan; voltages; lat_sd, lat_min, lat_max, lon_sd, lon_min, lon_max (differences between max and min values were all 0.00001 or less);
Added starting date, time, lat, and lon from the CTD file headers;
Added ISO_DateTime_UTC using the original date and time fields.
| File |
|---|
bottle.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 33.50 KB) MD5:bb8613c2f2da3e9e928fa1ec2946dcd7 Primary data file for dataset ID 3956 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| sci_event | Event number designation provided by science party. | integer |
| month | 2-digit month at start of CTD cast. | mm (01 to 12) |
| day | 2-digit day of month at start of CTD cast. | dd (01 to31) |
| year | 4-digit year at start of CTD cast. | YYYY |
| time_start | Time (UTC) at start of CTD cast. | HHMM.mm |
| lat_start | Latitude at start of cast. Positive values = North. | decimal degrees |
| lon_start | Longitude at start of cast. Negative values = West. | decimal degrees |
| ISO_DateTime_UTC_start | Start date/time (UTC) formatted to ISO 8601 standard. T indicates start of time string; Z indicates UTC. | YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS.ssZ |
| bottle | Niskin bottle position. | integer |
| time | Time (UTC). | HHMM.mm |
| press_avg | Average pressure. Column originally named 'PrDM'. | decibars |
| depth_avg | Average depth. Column originally named 'DepSM'. | meters |
| lat_avg | Latitude. Positive values = North. | decimal degrees |
| lon_avg | Longitude. Negative values = West. | decimal degrees |
| potemp | Potential temperature (ITS-90) from primary sensor; originally named 'Potemp090C'. | degrees Celsius |
| potemp2 | Potential temperature (ITS-90) from secondary sensor; originally named 'Potemp190C'. | degrees Celsius |
| sound_vel | Sound velocity (Chen-Millero) from primary sensor; originally named 'SvCM'. | meters per second (m/s) |
| sound_vel2 | Sound velocity (Chen-Millero) from secondary sensor; originally named 'SvCM1'. | meters per second (m/s) |
| sigma_0 | Density (sigma-theta) from primary sensor; originally named 'Sigma-e00'. | kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3) |
| sigma_0_2 | Density (sigma-theta) from secondary sensor; originally named 'Sigma-e11'. | kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3) |
| temp_avg | Average temperature (ITS-90) from primary sensor. Column originally named 'T090C'. | degrees Celsius |
| temp2_avg | Average temperature (ITS-90) from secondary sensor. Column originally named 'T190C'. | degrees Celsius |
| temp_diff_avg | Average temperature difference; secondary - primary (temp2 - temp); originally named 'T2-T190C'. | degrees Celsius |
| cond_avg | Average conductivity from primary sensor. Column originally named 'C0S/m'. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond2_avg | Average conductivity from secondary sensor. Column originally named 'C1S/m'. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond_diff_avg | Average conductivity difference; secondary - primary (cond2 - cond); originally named 'C2-C1S/m'. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| sal | Salinity from primary sensor; originally named 'Sal00'. | PSU |
| sal2 | Salinity from secondary sensor; originally named 'Sal11'. | PSU |
| O2_sat | Oxygen saturation; originally named 'OxsatML/L'. | milliliters per Liter (mL/L) |
| O2 | Oxygen from from primary SBE 43 sensor; originally named 'Sbeox0ML/L'. | milliliters per liter (mL/L) |
| O2_2 | Oxygen from secondary SBE 43 sensor; originally named 'Sbeox1ML/L'. | milliliters per liter (mL/L) |
| O2_v_avg | Average raw oxygen reading from the SBE 43. Column originally named 'Sbeox0V'. | volts |
| O2_v2_avg | Average raw oxygen (volts) from secondary SBE 43 sensor; originally named 'Sbeox1V'. | volts |
| beam_c_avg | Average beam attenuation from WET Labs C-Star (in inverse meters). Column originally named 'CStarAt0'. | reciprocal meters (1/m) |
| trans_avg | Average beam transmission from WET Labs C-Star. Column originally named 'CStarTr0'. | % |
| fluor_avg | Average fluorescence from WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL. Column originally named 'FlECO-AFL'. | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3) |
| alt_avg | Average altitude of instrument above the bottom; originally named 'AltM'. | meters |
| time_elapsed_avg | Average time elapsed; originally named 'TimeS'. | seconds |
| press_min | Minimum pressure. | decibars |
| press_max | Maximum pressure. | decibars |
| press_sd | Standard deviation of press_avg. | decibars |
| depth_min | Minimum depth. | meters |
| depth_max | Maximum depth. | meters |
| depth_sd | Standard deviation of depth_avg. | meters |
| temp_min | Minimum temperature (ITS-90) from primary sensor. | degrees Celsius |
| temp_max | Maximum temperature (ITS-90) from primary sensor. | degrees Celsius |
| temp_sd | Standard deviation of temp_avg. | degrees Celsius |
| temp2_min | Minimum temperature (ITS-90) from secondary sensor. | degrees Celsius |
| temp2_max | Maximum temperature (ITS-90) from secondary sensor. | degrees Celsius |
| temp2_sd | Standard deviation of temp2_avg. | degrees Celsius |
| temp_diff_min | Minimum temperature difference; secondary - primary (temp2 - temp). | degrees Celsius |
| temp_diff_max | Maximum temperature difference; secondary - primary (temp2 - temp). | degrees Celsius |
| temp_diff_sd | Standard deviation of temp_diff_avg. | degrees Celsius |
| cond_min | Minimum conductivity from primary sensor. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond_max | Maximum conductivity from primary sensor. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond_sd | Standard deviation of cond_avg. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond2_min | Minimum conductivity from secondary sensor. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond2_max | Maximum conductivity from secondary sensor. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond2_sd | Standard deviation of cond2_avg. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond_diff_min | Minimum conductivity difference; secondary - primary (cond2 - cond). | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond_diff_max | Maximum conductivity difference; secondary - primary (cond2 - cond). | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| cond_diff_sd | Standard deviation of cond_diff_avg. | siemens per meter (S/m) |
| O2_v_min | Minimum raw oxygen reading from the SBE 43. | volts |
| O2_v_max | Maximum raw oxygen reading from the SBE 43. | volts |
| O2_v_sd | Standard deviation of O2_v_avg. | volts |
| O2_v2_min | Minimum raw oxygen (volts) from secondary SBE 43 sensor. | volts |
| O2_v2_max | Maximum raw oxygen (volts) from secondary SBE 43 sensor. | volts |
| O2_v2_sd | Standard deviation of O2_v2_avg. | volts |
| beam_c_min | Minimum beam attenuation from WET Labs C-Star (in inverse meters). | reciprocal meters (1/m) |
| beam_c_max | Maximum beam attenuation from WET Labs C-Star (in inverse meters). | reciprocal meters (1/m) |
| beam_c_sd | Standard deviation of beam_c_avg. | reciprocal meters (1/m) |
| trans_min | Minimum beam transmission from WET Labs C-Star. | % |
| trans_max | Maximum beam transmission from WET Labs C-Star. | % |
| trans_sd | Standard deviation of trans_avg. | % |
| fluor_min | Minimum fluorescence from WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL. | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3) |
| fluor_max | Maximum fluorescence from WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL. | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3) |
| fluor_sd | Standard deviation of fluor_avg. | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3) |
| alt_min | Minimum altitude of instrument above the bottom. | meters |
| alt_max | Maximum altitude of instrument above the bottom. | meters |
| alt_sd | Standard deviation of alt_avg. | meters |
| time_elapsed_min | Minimum time elapsed. | seconds |
| time_elapsed_max | Maximum time elapsed. | seconds |
| time_elapsed_sd | Standard deviation of time_elapsed_avg. | seconds |
| ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date/time (UTC) formatted to ISO 8601 standard. T indicates start of time string; Z indicates UTC. | YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS.ssZ |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Endeavor |
| Start Date | 2013-05-19 |
| End Date | 2013-05-22 |
| Description | UNOLS cruise request: http://strs.unols.org/Public/diu_project_view.aspx?project_id=103010
The May cruise is the first for the NSF OCE funded Ocean Acidification, Hypoxia and Warming project also known by the project researchers as "OA Propagule". The cruise was timed such that samples would be collected soon after the spring bloom.
During the cruise, investigators plan to collect CTD profile data, including dissolved oxygen, bottom water with Niskin bottles deployed on the CTD rosette, MC800 multicores, and Soutar boxcores from the "Mud Patch" study site. The study area is located on the continental shelf approximately 50 nm south of Martha's Vineyard (40.43 N 70.5 W).
The original cruise event log and other underway data submitted by the vessel operator will be available from the NSF R2R cruise catalog.
Cruise track image from the University of Rhode Island, the vessel operator. |
from the NSF award abstract:
The average sea surface temperature (SST) has increased over the last 100 years, rising atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) is lowering the pH of the oceans, and the extent and intensity of low-oxygen bottom waters is growing, at least in certain regions. The biological impacts of these ongoing changes -- warming, acidification, and hypoxia -- have each been studied independently, but few studies have explored the possible interactions among these stressors.
This research, led by a scientist from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, studies the compounded effects of ocean acidification, hypoxia, and warming on an assemblage of benthic foraminifera collected from the continental shelf off New England. Foraminifera are an ideal organism for this work because they (1) are relatively small, allowing experimentation on statistically significant populations; (2) have both calcareous and non-calcareous representatives; (3) are relatively short-lived so experiments include a major portion of their life cycle; (4) include aerobes and anaerobes; and (5) provide a fossil record allowing comparisons across time. Laboratory culturing experiments will be used to determine the response of benthic foraminifera, in terms of survival and growth, to co-varying parameters of pH and oxygen, and to explore the influence of increased temperature on these responses. The researchers will examine the relative effects of higher pCO2, lower [O2], and higher temperature (T) on both calcareous and non-calcareous benthic foraminifera. In addition, they will examine the pre-Industrial benthic foraminiferal assemblage at the field site, and will compare that assemblage to those produced in the experiments under pre-Industrial (lower than current day) and elevated pCO2 levels.
NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:
NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011
NSF 12-500, FY 2012
NSF 12-600, FY 2013
NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:
1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)
2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels "Hang On" Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |