Experimental seawater chemical properties for larval mussel shell study from SIO, UCSD from 2012-2013 (OA_Proxies project)
Project
Program
| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Levin, Lisa A. | University of California-San Diego (UCSD-SIO) | Principal Investigator |
| Gonzalez, Jennifer | University of California-San Diego (UCSD-SIO) | Contact |
| Copley, Nancy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Abstract
Experimental seawater chemical properties for larval mussel shell study from SIO, UCSD from 2012 and 2013. This table has been modified from tables in Frieder et al. 2014 GCB and Frieder et al. 2014 ES&T; see those publications for additional corresponding salinity and other carbonate chemistry variables.
Mass flow controllers were used to deliver a gas mixture of N2, O2, and CO2 to gas membrane contactors (Liqui-Cel Part No. G501), which in turn delivered the gas mixture to the seawater to maintain the desired CO2 and O2 concentrations in each treatment replicate (Bockmon et al. 2013, Biogeosciences).
A pH sensor (Honeywell Durafet III) and Aanderaa oxygen optode were used to continuously record from one replicate per treatment, per day. Along with daily discrete samples measured for pH and [O2], this sensor monitoring confirmed the stability of conditions, with the average offset of replicates to be 0.01 pH units and 3µmol O2 kg-1 (Frieder et al. 2014, GCB). Discrete pH measurements were determined spectrophotometrically and the discrete [O2] values were determined using a Winkler Titration method (as described in Frieder et al. 2014, GCB).
Discrete samples were taken at the beginning and end of each experiment for the determination of total alkalinity and salinity. Total alkalinity measurements were determined using an open-cell, potentiometric titration with an accuracy of +- 2 µmol kg-1 (Dickson et al., 2007). Salinity was calculated from density measured at 20°C on a Density Meter (Mettler Toledo DE45) with an accuracy of 0.05 salinity units. HOBO Pendant temperature data loggers with an accuracy of +-0.5°C continuously measured temperature every 5 min in all replicates.
BCO-DMO Processing Notes:
- data submitted in Excel file "Levin_BCO-DMO Table 1. Experimental Seawater Conditions - Mussels.xlsx" sheet "Seawater conditions" extracted to tsv
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- removed special characters
- replaced / with -; replaced space with _
- reordered columns
| File |
|---|
seawater_chem_Tbl1.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 2.08 KB) MD5:78862d61ec73d22aadca8025a923102e Primary data file for dataset ID 522939 |
Relationship Description: Larval mussel shell composition under high and low pH and O2 from SIO, UCSD from 2012 and 2013
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| date | date of analysis | yyyy/mm/dd |
| species | taxonomic name of experimental species | unitless |
| exp_id | experiment code: A = high pH/high O2 = high pHOx; B = low pH/low O2 = low; pHOx; C = high pH/low O2; D = low pH/high O2 | unitless |
| treatment | high and low pH and oxygen concentration | unitless |
| pH | pH: The measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution | pH scale |
| O2 | dissolved oxygen concentration | mol kg-1 |
| temp | temperature | degrees Celsius |
| AT | total alkalinity | mol kg-1 |
| sal | salinity | unitless |
| pCO2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide for each treatment; CO2 treatments are ambient vs. elevated (45 vs 85 Pa pCO2) | micro-atmospheres |
| omega_ar | aragonite saturation state | unitless |
| omega_calc | calcite saturation state | unitless |
| CO3 | concentration of carbonate ion ([CO3]2-) in seawater | mol kg-1 |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | AOO |
| Generic Instrument Name | Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes |
| Generic Instrument Description | Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes are instrument for monitoring oxygen in the environment. For instrument information see the Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes Product Brochure. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | density meter |
| Generic Instrument Name | density meter |
| Dataset-specific Description | Mettler Toledo DE45, accuracy of +-0.5 °C. |
| Generic Instrument Description | Portable or bench-top instruments to measure density of liquids. [lab]
|
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | ICP Mass Spec |
| Generic Instrument Name | Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry): Thermo Element 2 single-collector
ICP-MS operating in low-resolution mode with a New Wave Research UP-213 laser ablation unit (at the University of
California Santa Barbara). |
| Generic Instrument Description | An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | MFC |
| Generic Instrument Name | Mass Flow Controller |
| Dataset-specific Description | Omega® mass flow controllers (N2: FMA 5418 0–5 SLM; O2: FMA 5411 0–2 SLM; and CO2: FMA 5402 0–10 sccm). See Bockman (2013) for further details. |
| Generic Instrument Description | Mass Flow Controller (MFC) - A device used to measure and control the flow of fluids and gases |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | pH Sensor |
| Generic Instrument Name | pH Sensor |
| Generic Instrument Description | An instrument that measures the hydrogen ion activity in solutions.
The overall concentration of hydrogen ions is inversely related to its pH. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and indicates whether acidic (more H+) or basic (less H+). |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Water Temp Sensor |
| Generic Instrument Name | Water Temperature Sensor |
| Dataset-specific Description | HOBO Pendant temperature data loggers with an accuracy of ± 0.5 °C. |
| Generic Instrument Description | General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). |
Levin_mussels
| Website | |
| Platform | SIO Levin |
| Start Date | 2012-11-22 |
| End Date | 2013-01-23 |
| Description | Study of larval mussel shell trace elements. Adult M. californianus were collected from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier in southern California, U.S.A. (32.867° N 117.257° W), and adult M. galloprovincialis were collected from San Diego Bay, California, U.S.A. (32.725° N 117.203° W). Laser ablation was performed at UCSB (34.412824, -119.841964). |
Development of geochemical proxies to evaluate larval pH-exposure history (OA_Proxies)
This research is funded as part of NSF CRI Ocean Acidification Category 2. The investigators will develop a new interdisciplinary partnership between connectivity ecology (Levin at SIO), metal isotope geochemistry (Anbar and Gordon at ASU), and paleoclimatology (Herrmann at ASU/LSU) to identify new proxies for ocean acidification that can be used to assess pH exposures in living organisms and, potentially to interpret the geologic record. The investigators hypothesize that the isotopic composition of larval calcium carbonates reflects changes in seawater chemistry driven by ocean acidification and, in some instances, with associated decline in oxygen levels. The large extent to which these two parameters vary in concert in the modern and past ocean (and thus have joint influence), and the extent to which they may be uncoupled by anthropogenic CO2 inputs, merits considerable attention. Thus, the integration of pH and oxygen in proxy development would be an important advance.
The focus of this project is on proxy development to determine pH exposure history for living organisms in their larval state, and will center on calcium, boron, and uranium isotopes as well as multi-elemental fingerprints. For this project, the investigators will target open coast, front bay and backbay mytilid mussel species, each living naturally under a different pH regime, and statoliths of encapsulated market squid larvae from the open shelf. Larvae with known pH, oxygen and temperature exposure histories will be obtained from (1) laboratory larval rearing experiments that manipulate pH and oxygen and (2) in situ out planting of lab-spawned larvae in larval homes onto existing moorings where pH, T and oxygen are being monitored. Analyses will employ SIMS (for del 11B), multicollector (for del 44Ca, del 238 U), and laser ablation ICP-MS (targeting B, Cu, U, Pb, Mo, and a suite of additional pH- and redox-sensitive trace elements). Multivariate statistical tools will define ability to detect pH-induced signatures and to determine species or taxon-specific vital effects. The investigators are exploring proxies for invertebrate larvae that are untested in the context of acidification geochemistry. Targeting larvae is critical as many marine organisms produce larval carbonate structures and these stages may be most affected by ocean acidification. The retention of larval shell and statoliths after recruitment may ultimately allow us to test the importance of larval pH and O2 exposure to survival and population persistence. An ability to assess past exposures through geochemical proxies will provide information about relative pH tolerances and ecosystem-level change in response to changes in the ocean's carbonate chemistry.
NOTE: A series of laboratory experiments were run in which Mytilus spp. larvae (Mytilus californianus and Mytilus galloprovincialis) and Doryteuthis opalescens (market squid) embryos were reared under controlled temperature, pH and oxygen conditions. Experimental conditions are given in Table 1 (for mussel larvae) and Table 2 (for squid embryos). Geochemistry data in the form of Metal:Ca ratios for mussels has been uploaded to BCO-DMO as "Mussel shell trace element ratios" and squid statolith geochemistry data are available on request.
Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES): Ocean Acidification (formerly CRI-OA) (SEES-OA)
NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:
NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011
NSF 12-500, FY 2012
NSF 12-600, FY 2013
NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:
1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)
2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels "Hang On" Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |
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