| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yager, Patricia L. | University of Georgia (UGA) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
| Gegg, Stephen R. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
NBP1005 Bathymetry, Conductivity, Fluorescence, Meteorological, Navigation, Radiation:Infrared, Radiation:Visible, Salinity, Temperature
Underway Hydrographic, Weather and Ship-state Data (JGOFS) from Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1005 (2010)
This data set was acquired with a ship-based Navigation system, Echosounder Sonar, Meteorological Sensor, Thermosalinograph, and Fluorometer during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1005 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Patricia Yager).
These data files are of JGOFS format and include Bathymetry, Meteorological, Temperature, Conductivity, Salinity, Fluorescence, Infrared Radiation, Visible Radiation, and Navigation data.
This data set was created from calibrated data decimated at 1-minute intervals. Several fields are derived measurements from more than a single raw input.
Data were acquired as part of the project(s): ASPIRE (Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT08-39069.
Quality 0 - Data have not been processed or modified since acquisition (e.g. Realtime navigation or sonar data, raw images etc.).
Underway Hydrographic, Weather and Ship-state Data (JGOFS) from Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1005 (2010)
This data set was acquired with a ship-based Navigation system, Echosounder Sonar, Meteorological Sensor, Thermosalinograph, and Fluorometer during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1005 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Patricia Yager).
These data files are of JGOFS format and include Bathymetry, Meteorological, Temperature, Conductivity, Salinity, Fluorescence, Infrared Radiation, Visible Radiation, and Navigation data.
This data set was created from calibrated data decimated at 1-minute intervals. Several fields are derived measurements from more than a single raw input.
Data were acquired as part of the project(s): ASPIRE (Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT08-39069.
Quality 0 - Data have not been processed or modified since acquisition (e.g. Realtime navigation or sonar data, raw images etc.).
BCO-DMO Processing Notes
- Generated from MGDS:jgofs files dowloaded from MGDS data for NBP1005
- Awk routine generated to reformat original files into BCO-DMO servable file format
- Awk routine: "MGDS_Underway_jgofs_2_BCO-DMO.awk"
- Parameter names generated from: JGOFSDataFormat.pdf
- Parameter names edited to conform to BCO-DMO naming convention found at Choosing Parameter Name
- Date reformatted from DD-MM-YY to YYYYMMDD
- Time reformatted from HH:MM:SS to HHMMSS
- Records with Lat/Lon values of "NAN" deleted
- Tab separated data converted to comma separated data
| File |
|---|
Underway.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 9.34 MB) MD5:0499a4eb4a272aaaa75b9fef68a3ad97 Primary data file for dataset ID 539999 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| Date | GMT date | YYYYMMDD |
| Time | GMT time | HHMMSS |
| Latitude | latitude (negative is South) | decimal degrees |
| Longitude | longitude (negative is West) | decimal degrees |
| SOG | Speed over ground | Knots |
| HDOP | GPS HDOP | dimensionless |
| HDG | Gyro Heading (azimuth) | Degrees |
| COG | Course made good (azimuth) | Degrees |
| PAR | Mast PAR (photosynthetically available radiation) | uEinsteins/meter2 sec |
| SS_Temp | Sea surface temperature | degrees C |
| SS_Cond | Sea surface conductivity | siemens/meter |
| SS_Sal | Sea surface salinity | PSU |
| Depth | Sea depth (uncorrected calc. sw sound vel.1500 m/s) | meters |
| Wind_Speed | True wind speed (max speed windbird) | meters/sec |
| Wind_Dir | True wind direction (azimuth) | degrees |
| Temp_Air | Ambient air temperature | degrees C |
| Humidity | Relative humidity | percentage |
| Press_Bar | Barometric pressure | mBars |
| SS_Fluor | Sea surface fluorometry (0-5 FSO) | volts |
| tbd | (tbd) | (tbd) |
| PSP | PSP - short wave radiation | W/m2 |
| PIR | PIR - long wave radiation | W/m2 |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | GPS |
| Generic Instrument Name | Global Positioning System Receiver |
| Dataset-specific Description | This data set was acquired with a ship-based Navigation system |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. space-based radionavigation system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis. The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments of the NAVSTAR GPS transmitter system. Ships use a variety of receivers (e.g. Trimble and Ashtech) to interpret the GPS signal and determine accurate latitude and longitude. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer Underway Sampling Systems |
| Generic Instrument Name | Shipboard Surface Mapping System |
| Dataset-specific Description | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer Underway Sampling Systems |
| Generic Instrument Description | Surface Mapping System (SMS): The SMS records navigation, meteorological and sea surface data every 10 seconds. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Start Date | 2010-11-26 |
| End Date | 2011-01-16 |
| Description | Expedition by the USAP RV Nathaniel B. Palmer during austral summer 2010-11 to sampled the Amundsen Sea Polynya during the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE). Also identified as OSO 2010-11 (Oden Southern Ocean – two vessel operation 2010-11)
The US Research Icebreaker Nathaniel B. Palmer was joined by the Swedish Icebreaker Oden for a two-vessel expedition to the Amundsen Sea. Scientists on the Palmer focused on understanding the climate-sensitive dynamics of the open water region, known as a "polynya." Oden scientists investigated the sea ice ecosystem nearby. The aim of both groups was to improve our understanding of how climate change will impact this important ecosystem.
Note R2R Link takes user to Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS):
NBP1005
NBP1005A
Data at MGDS were available as NBP1005 and NBP1005A. The data are from the same expedition and are combined in BCO-DMO into the one deployment - NBP1005.
Nathaniel B. Palmer Systems and Specifications |
The Amundsen Sea Polynya is areally the most productive Antarctic polynya, exhibits higher chlorophyll levels during peak bloom and greater interannual variability than the better-studied Ross Sea Polynya ecosystem. Polynyas may be the key to understanding the future of polar regions as their extent is expected to increase with anthropogenic warming. The project will examine 1) sources of iron to the Amundsen Sea Polynya as a function of climate forcing, 2) phytoplankton community structure in relation to iron supply and mixed-layer depths, 3) the efficiency of the biological pump of carbon to depth and 4) the net flux of carbon as a function of climate and micronutrient forcing. The research also will compare results for the Amundsen Sea to existing data synthesis and modeling efforts for the Palmer LTER and Ross Sea. The project will 1) build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers; 2) investigate climate change implications with broad societal relevance; 3) train new researchers; 4) encourage participation in research science by underrepresented groups, and 5) involve broad dissemination of results via scientific literature and public outreach, including close interactions with NSF-supported PolarTrec and COSEE K-12 teachers.
This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators (trace metal and carbon chemists, phytoplankton physiologists, microbial and zooplankton ecologists, and physical oceanographers) to investigate climate controls on carbon dioxide uptake by one of the most productive ecosystems in the Antarctic.
The Amundsen Sea Polynya is the most productive Antarctic polynya per square meter, and exhibits higher chlorophyll levels during peak bloom and greater interannual variability than the better-studied Ross Sea polynya ecosystem to the west.
Polynyas, or recurring areas of seasonally open water surrounded by ice, are foci for energy and material transfer between the atmosphere, polar surface ocean and deep sea. Most help take up large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
These polar ecosystems are characterized by high biological productivity and intense biogeochemical cycling - a bit like an oasis. Polynyas may be the key to understanding the future of polar regions since their extent is expected to increase with anthropogenic warming. On the other hand, if seasonal sea ice disappears completely, the unique nature of polynyas may also be lost.
Regional reductions or growth in sea-ice over the past decade have been extensive and are coupled to climate-sensitive global cycles such as ENSO and the Southern Annular Mode. Without many historical measurements, this regional and interannual variability is our best present-day indication for what controls or “forces” these critical polar ecosystems and their sensitivity to future change.
Variability in the productivity of Antarctic polynyas is high for reasons the science community do not currently understand. The supply of trace metals such as iron is thought to determine phytoplankton community structure and production in the Southern Ocean, particularly in conjunction with mixed-layer depth controls on light limitation. A key question is whether interannual variability is driven by these two climate-sensitive factors, and whether we can expect climate-sensitive shifts in ecosystem function and carbon flux in the future. Understanding critical feedbacks between climate and the marine biosphere becomes increasingly urgent as we project rates of change into the future.
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Antarctic Sciences (NSF ANT) |