| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gochfeld, Deborah J. | University of Mississippi (UM-NCNPR) | Principal Investigator |
| Copley, Nancy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Data access is restricted. Please contact the PI for further information.
Related datasets:
Montipora antibacterial-aqueous
Montipora antibacterial-mucus
Montipora antibacterial-organic
MWS accession numbers
MWS lesion progression
Related references:
Deborah J. Gochfeld & Haidy N. Kamel & Julie B. Olson & Robert W. Thacker. 2012. Trade-offs in defensive metabolite production but not ecological function in healthy and diseased sponges. J Chem Ecol 38:451-462. DOI 10.1007/s10886-012-0099-5.
Preparation of extracts: Coral samples of orange and red colonies of Montipora capitata were collected in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu. Frozen samples were extracted in Millipore® water, which was replaced daily for 3 d. Extracts were filtered, lyophilized, and weighed. Extracts were resuspended in Millipore® water to a concentration of 10 mg/ml.
Chemical fingerprinting: To generate chemical profiles, extracts were injected onto a Waters Alliance® 2695 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system (Phenomenex Syneri Hydro RP 4 um column; 250 x 4.6 mm; linear gradient from 100% water+0.1% acetic acid to 100% methanol+0.1% acetic acid) interfaced with a Waters 2998 Photodiode Array Detector. Spectra at 254 nm were generated. Each peak observed at the same retention time in each extract represents a particular compound, relative concentrations of which can be compared between extracts.
Peaks from the 254 nm spectra were integrated to generate areas under the curve (in absorbance units). These areas can then be compared among extracts.
BCO-DMO Processing:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- renamed parameters to BCO-DMO standard or to match other datasets in project
- replaced blanks with underscores
- replaced color_morph code with color name: 1=orange; 2=red
| File |
|---|
fingerprints.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 1.87 KB) MD5:07103292222d1d0c29ee1366bd85efa3 Primary data file for dataset ID 544904 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| color_morph | color morph of coral | unitless |
| coral | coral fragment identification | unitless |
| peak_1 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 1 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_2 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 2 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_3 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 3 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_4 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 4 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_5 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 5 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_6 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 6 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_7 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 7 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_8 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 8 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_9 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 9 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_10 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 10 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_11 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 11 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| peak_12 | Relative concentration of coral extract compound from peak 12 from the 254 nm spectra | unitless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | HPLC |
| Generic Instrument Name | High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph |
| Dataset-specific Description | Waters Alliance® 2695 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system (Phenomenex Syneri Hydro RP 4 um column; 250 x 4.6 mm; linear gradient from 100% water+0.1% acetic acid to 100% methanol+0.1% acetic acid) interfaced with a Waters 2998 Photodiode Array Detector. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of the mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds are separated by high pressure pumping of the sample mixture onto a column packed with microspheres coated with the stationary phase. The different components in the mixture pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase. |
| Website | |
| Platform | Hawaii_reef |
| Start Date | 2010-06-01 |
| End Date | 2014-05-31 |
| Description | Coral reef pathogen studies. |
Extracted from the NSF award abstract:
Diseases of marine organisms have emerged as a serious problem contributing to the decline of coral reef resources worldwide. Loss of coral reef habitats carry social and economic implications especially in island states, such as Hawaii, which depend on reefs for food, shoreline protection and tourism. Our ability to manage coral diseases is hampered by a lack of knowledge of which environmental variables affect disease, mechanisms of host defense, and the etiology of most of the numerous described coral diseases. The PIs of this project discovered a coral disease system that can be used as a model to explore many components of the host-environment-pathogen triangle of disease causation. Montipora white syndrome (MWS) is an infectious disease that results in progressive tissue loss on colonies of Montipora capitata, and has been found on reefs throughout the Hawaiian archipelago. It is particularly prevalent in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, which has a long history of reduced water quality, and this suboptimal environment sets the stage where host-pathogen interactions occur. In Kaneohe Bay, M. capitata is a major reef-building species, and is found in two color morphs (red and orange) that harbor different clades of zooxanthellae. During preliminary surveys, the PIs discovered intraspecific variability in response to MWS between color morphs. Although the red morph was dominant within survey transects (80% of the colonies), the orange morph was disproportionately affected by MWS (70% of the affected colonies). Microbial studies found a shift in bacterial communities on MWS-affected and healthy M. capitata and allowed identification of potential pathogens. Numerous bacterial strains were cultured and screened for pathogenicity and three strains, which produced lesions, were identified as potential pathogens. Two of the putative pathogens (Vibrio spp.) produced diffuse tissue whereas the other bacterial strain (Pseudoalteromonas sp.) produced acute tissue loss.
In the field, the PIs also observed two patterns of tissue loss on M. capitata; a slow, chronic pattern of tissue loss, which they followed through time with tagged colonies (chronic MWS), but also a rapid onset of acute tissue loss (acute MWS). Thus they discovered an infectious coral disease that results in significant coral mortality that has the unique component of differences in disease susceptibility among color morphs. The PIs identified three potential bacterial pathogens that will be used to investigate underlying factors affecting the coral-environment-pathogen triad of disease causation. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) is located within Kaneohe Bay allowing year-round access to reefs for research on Montipora white syndrome. The goal of this project is to investigate the host- environment-pathogen triangle of disease causation for Montipora white syndrome. The objectives of this research will be to: 1) investigate mechanisms contributing to differential disease resistance in red (less susceptible) vs. orange (more susceptible) morphs of M. capitata. The PIs will compare antimicrobial activity in the holobiont, mucus and mucus-associated bacteria of the two color morphs of M. capitata, and will compare the natural coral-associated microbial flora between the two color morphs; 2) use manipulative aquarium studies to determine whether environmental stressors (elevated temperature, nutrient stress) differentially affect the progression or transmission efficiency of MWS in red vs. orange morphs of M. capitata; 3) use challenge experiments to confirm the role of bacterial pathogens as causative agents of MWS, and to determine the response of red vs. orange morphs of M. capitata to three putative pathogens. This project will involve a multidisciplinary team to provide a broader perspective of coral disease processes. This will be the first comprehensive study conducted on a coral disease in Hawaii.
Related Publications:
Ushijima, B, Videau, P, Burger, A, Shore-Maggio, A, Runyon, C, Sudek, M, Aeby, G and S. Callahan. 2014. Vibrio coralliilyticus strain OCN008 is an etiological agent of acute Montipora white syndrome. Applied & Environ Microbiology doi:10.1128/AEM.03463-13.
Ushijima B, Videau P, Aeby GS, Callahan SM. 2013. Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio coralliilyticus Strain OCN008, Isolated from Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Genome Announc. 2013 Oct 3;1(5). doi:pii: e00786-13. 10.1128/genomeA.00786-13. PMID: 24092784
Ushijima B, Smith A, Aeby GS, Callahan SM (2012) Vibrio owensii Induces the Tissue Loss Disease Montipora White Syndrome in the Hawaiian Reef Coral Montipora capitata. PLoS ONE 7: e46717.
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |