Table of Contents

• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

Time series of average daily zooplankton concentration in the surf zone at Carmel River State Beach, CA (36.53833 degrees N, 121.92861 degrees W).

Related references:
Shanks, A.L., S. G. Morgan, J. MacMahan, Ad J.H.M Reniers, M. Jarvis, J. Brown, and C. Griesemer (2014). Onshore transport of plankton by internal tides and upwelling-relaxation events. Marine Ecology Progress Series. DOI:10.3354/meps10717

Shanks, A.L., S. G. Morgan, J. MacMahan, Ad J.H.M Reniers, M. Jarvis, J. Brown, and C. Griesemer (2015). Transport of Larvae and Detritus Across the Surf Zone of a Steep Reflective Pocket Beach. Marine Ecology Progress Series. DOI:10.3354/meps11223

In the surf zone, zooplankton samples were collected with a pump system. A 6 cm diameter hose was attached to pipes jetted into the sand and the pipes extended into the surf zone. A gas-powered pump sampled about 240 L of water per min, and 1.2 m^3 of seawater was filtered for each of three replicate samples per day. Samples were collected within one hour of high tide each day and were filtered through a 200 um mesh net. Depending on the wave height on a given day these samples were collected within the breakers or just a few meters seaward of the breakers. All samples were preserved in buffered formalin. Zooplankton in the samples was enumerated using dissecting microscopes.

Three samples were collected each day. Counts from the microscopic analysis of the samples were converted to number per m^3 and the average and 95% confidence interval for each daily set of samples were calculated. Note that blanks in the data set represent missing data values (BCO-DMO has changed blanks to 'nd'.)

BCO-DMO Processing:
- Re-formatted date, and added separate columns for month, day, year, and year-day.
- Added column containing site name.
- Added lat and lon (from metadata form).
- Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Replaced blanks (missing data) with 'nd' to indicate 'no data'.

Description from NSF award abstract:
Many intertidal invertebrates and fishes have complex life cycles that include a planktonic larval phase. At the end of their pelagic development, larvae must return to shore and cross the surf zone. The purpose of this study is to investigate for the first time the role of surf zone hydrodynamics in the rate of delivery of cyprids of intertidal barnacles to the shore. To exploit the greater physical oceanographic understanding of the hydrodynamics of sandy beach surf zones, this initial study will focus on cyprid settlement on hard substrates in surf zones associated with sandy beaches. In the first two years of the study, the investigators will carry out an intensive two-month physical and biological study of a reflective and dissipative surf zone, respectively. At each site they will sample cyprids in the waters of the inner-shelf, just outside the surf zone, and within the surf zone and they will measure settlement on plates in the intertidal zone. At the same time they will collect physical oceanographic data with both in-situ instruments and a fleet of GPS-equipped surface drifters to describe the hydrodynamics of the surf zone. The time series of the physical and biological data will be correlated to investigate mechanisms of delivery of cyprids to the shore. To simulate the hydrodynamic processes responsible for the transport of larvae, the investigators will use a 3D model, resolving both the horizontal and vertical structure of the unsteady nearshore flow. To evaluate potential transport of larvae through the surf zone, a biological module describing the spatial distribution of the larvae will be coupled to the hydrodynamic module to predict the pathways of the larvae and compare with observations. Intensive sampling will help provide insight into the actual processes transporting cyprids from the inner shelf, through the surf zone, and to the intertidal zone. During each summer, weekly barnacle recruitment and daily cyprid settlement will be measured for two months to settlement plates at reflective and dissipative beaches in central California and southern Oregon. Population densities at many beaches along the West Coast will be surveyed each year to determine if a latitudinal gradient in wave energy is correlated with adult barnacle population densities.

Because the fundamentals of surfzone dynamics are universal, results of this research will be broadly applicable not only along the West Coast, but worldwide. This project will have significant impacts on education and public outreach. It will support three graduate students and nine undergraduate students and will create new research opportunities for students of diverse backgrounds from three undergraduate institutions, local high schools and the public. The research will be included in the curriculum of intensive hands-on courses, and undergraduates will participate in the research while learning how a real-world research project addresses fundamental questions. Both a website that highlights findings and an interactive display for visitors to the Bodega Marine Laboratory will be developed. A model coupling nearshore hydrodynamics and onshore transport across the surf zone will be made available to the community to stimulate research into this emerging research topic.