Table of Contents

• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

Fall 2011  - Porewater Samples

Fall 2011  - Porewater Samples

Porewater samples collected for:	Analytical Method						Instrument							Method Reference
Dissolved Organic Carbon		High temperature combustion				Shimadzu TOC-V						http://www.pangaea.de/Projects/JGOFS/Methods/chap16.html;
Total Dissolved Nitrogen			High temperature combustion/Chemiluminescence		Shimadzu TOC-V with TN Unit		Pan et al., Simultaneous Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Total Dissolved Nitrogen on a Coupled High-Temperature Combustion Total Organic Carbon-Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detection (HTC TOC-NCD) System.  Journal of Automated Methods & Management in Chemistry, 2005 (2005), no. 4, 240–246
Total Dissolved Phosphorus		Spectrophotometry						Shimadzu UV-1601						Solorzano, L., and Sharp, J. H.  1980.  Determination of total dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in natural waters.  Limnol. Oceanogr.  25: 754-758.
NOx (Nitrate + Nitrite)			Flow Injection Autoanalyzer				Lachat Instruments FIA+ 8000 Series		Lachat Instruments FIA 8000 Autoanalyzer Method 31-107-04-1-A
Nitrite						Flow Injection Autoanalyzer				Lachat Instruments FIA+ 8000 Series		Lachat Instruments FIA 8000 Autoanalyzer Method 31-107-04-1-A
Orthophosphate				Flow Injection Autoanalyzer				Lachat Instruments FIA+ 8000 Series		Lachat Instruments FIA 8000 Autoanalyzer Method 31-115-01-1-H
Reactive Silicate				Flow Injection Autoanalyzer				Lachat Instruments FIA+ 8000 Series		Lachat Instruments FIA 8000 Autoanalyzer Method 31-114-27-1-D
Ammonium					Spectrophotometry						Shimadzu UV-1601						Solorzano, L. 1969. Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenolhypochlorite method. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 799-801
Anions (Sulfate + Chloride)		Ion Chromatography					DIONEX ICS-2000						DIONEX Application Note 154: Determination of Inorganic Anions in Environmental Waters Using a Hydroxide-Selective Column.
Anaerobic Methane Oxidation		Sediment incubations with 14CH4			Scintillation Counter						Orcutt, B., et al. 2005.  Molecular biogeochemistry of sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and the anaerobic oxidation of methane at Gulf of Mexico methane seeps.  GCA Vol. 69, No. 17, pp. 4267–4281

References:
Joye SB, Bowles M.W., Samarkin V.A., Hunter K.S., Niemann H..  2010.  Biogeochemical signatures and microbial activity of different cold seep habitats along the Gulf of Mexico lower slope. Deep Sea Research. 10:doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.06.001.

Joye SB, MacDonald I.R., Leifer I., Asper V..  2011.  Magnitude and oxidation potential of hydrocarbon gases released from the BP blowout. Nature Geoscience. 4:160-164.

Orcutt B.N., Samarkin V., Boetius A., Elvert M., Joye SB.  2005.  Molecular biogeochemistry of sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and the anaerobic oxidation of methane at Gulf of Mexico methane seeps. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 69:4267-4281.

BCO-DMO Processing Notes
- Generated from original file "00908788_Joye_Fall-2011_Data-Summary.xlsx", Sheet: "Porewater Data" contributed by Samantha Joye
- Parameter names edited to conform to BCO-DMO naming convention found at Choosing Parameter Name
- "nd" (no data) inserted into blank cells
- blank rows removed
- "B.D.L." converted to "BDL" (periods removed) to avoid potential data errors downstream
- "N.S." converted to "NS" (periods removed) to avoid potential data errors downstream and for consistency

From the NSF Award ABSTRACT
The Arctic region contains a huge amount of organic carbon, referred to as the Arctic Carbon Hyper Pool, within the Arctic Ocean sedimentary basin. This area has the highest documented rates of coastal sedimentation with annual accumulation rates of about 10 million metric tons organic C per year, which approximately equals the amount of sediment accumulated over the entire pelagic zone of the World Ocean. Due to the specific features of sedimentation and lithogenesis in this area, much of this organic carbon survives decomposition, and is buried within seabed sediments. These sediments are frozen annually or seasonally, representing a substantial reservoir of potentially labile organic carbon. Global warming in the arctic region is predicted to be substantial, and possibly rapid, in next few decades. Upon the melting of permafrost, old stored carbon will be reintroduced into the modern carbon biogeochemical cycle, possibly acting as a strong source of methane to the overlying water and potentially the atmosphere. Additionally, extremely large amounts of more ancient (Pleistocene) methane are trapped as gas hydrates within and beneath the permafrost. This research aims to elucidate the present and future methane flux potential of sediments and permafrost in regions of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. As a result of global warming, seafloor permafrost along the East Siberian Arctic Shelf may experience a pronounced change in thermal regime. Increased temperature may affect permafrost in several ways, ultimately leading to its degradation and enhanced CH4 release. An international, interdisciplinary research team will determine the distribution and stability of permafrost on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf and evaluate this area as a methane source to the arctic region. Cores from eleven locations will be obtained using dry drilling techniques. Rates of biological methane production and consumption (oxidation) will be quantified in permafrost and sediments at in situ and elevated temperatures. Natural abundance stable carbon and hydrogen isotope measurements will be used to quantify the age and source of methane collected from different sites and depths. These data will be used as input to numerical models, which will be developed to describe the thermodynamic and biogeochemical aspects of permafrost methane dynamics. Using field data and modeling, the current and future potential release of methane from offshore permafrost will be determined and a methane budget for the East Siberian Arctic Shelf will be constructed.

BOOKS/ONE TIME PROCEEDING
Joye, S.B., V.A. Samarkin, N. Shakova, I.
Semiletov, and M.W. Bowles. "Methane dynamics along the East Siberian
Arctic Shelf: sources, sinks, and
fluxes to the atmosphere", 09/01/2011-08/31/2012, "Gordon Research Conference on Polar
Marine Science",  2011, "2011 GRC-PMC Ventura California".

Finke, N., S. Baer, and S.B. Joye. "Methane production in marine sea ice in
the Chukchi Sea, Barrow, Alaska", 09/01/2011-08/31/2012, "Meeting Abstracts",  2012, "NASA AbSciCon, Atlanta GA April".

Samarkin, V.A., I. Semelitov, N. Finke, N.
Shakhova, and S. B. Joye. "Methane stable isotope signatures in
waters and sediments of the Laptev Sea
Shelf", 09/01/2011-08/31/2012, "Fall AGU meeting 2012",  2012, "AGU Meeting Abstracts".

Project Summary

Collaborative Research: Degrading offshore permafrost as a current and potential source of atmospheric methane on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

Intellectual Merit: The Arctic region contains a huge amount of organic carbon, referred to commonly as the “Arctic Carbon Hyper Pool”, within the Arctic Ocean sedimentary basin. The Russian Arctic shelf acts as an estuary of the Great Siberian Rivers. This area has the highest documented rates of coastal sedimentation with annual accumulation rates of about 10×106 t  Corg yr-1, which approximately equals the amount of sediment accumulated over the entire pelagic zone of the World Ocean. Due to the specific features of sedimentation and lithogenesis in this area, much of this organic carbon survives decomposition, and is buried within seabed sediments. Some of these sediments are seasonally or annually frozen (“offshore” permafrost), representing a substantial reservoir of old but potentially labile organic carbon. Global warming in the Arctic region is predicted to be substantial, and possibly rapid, in the next few decades. Upon permafrost melting, the old carbon stored therein will be reintroduced into the modern carbon biogeochemical cycle, possibly acting as a strong source of methane to the overlying water and potentially the atmosphere. Additionally, extremely large amounts of more ancient (Pleistocene) methane are trapped as gas hydrates within and beneath the permafrost. The proposed work aims to elucidate the present and future methane flux potential of sediments and permafrost in regions of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. As a result of global warming, seafloor permafrost along the East Siberian Arctic Shelf may experience a pronounced change in thermal regime. Increased temperature may affect permafrost in several ways, ultimately leading

to its degradation and enhanced CH4 release. This international, interdisciplinary research team will determine the distribution and stability of permafrost on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf and evaluate this area as a methane source to the Arctic region. Cores from eleven locations will be obtained using dry drilling techniques. Rates of biological methane production and consumption (oxidation) will be quantified in permafrost and sediments at in situ and elevated temperatures.

Natural abundance carbon (13C and 14C) and hydrogen isotope measurements will be used to quantify the age and source of methane collected from different sites and depths. These data will be used as input to numerical models, which will be developed to describe the thermodynamic and biogeochemical aspects of permafrost methane dynamics. Using field data and modeling, the current and future potential release of methane from offshore permafrost will be determined and a methane budget for the East Siberian Arctic Shelf will be constructed.

Broader impacts: The proposed work will address a key aspect of the “International Polar Year” request for proposals by advancing the understanding of the coupled physical-geological-biological-chemical system of the Arctic Ocean and providing a predictive model of how the system will respond to environmental change. This work will elucidate the impact of global warming on methane dynamics in the Arctic; in particular, the current and potential capacity of sediments and permafrost to act as a methane source to the overlying water column and atmosphere will be quantified. The scientific team includes PIs with experience working in the Arctic (Semiletov, Shakova, Samarkin) as well as PIs new to this area (Joye, Meile). International collaborators (Grigoriev, Rekant, Kholodov) complete the research team by providing extensive expertise in geology and permafrost drilling in the Arctic. Besides supplying crucial data on CH4 fluxes to global change scientists, this proposal will promote training by supporting students at various levels and by reaching the public and interested scientists through a dedicated website. The project will contribute to the active outreach activities coordinated through the multi-agency Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI). This proposal will also contribute to the collaboration between two major Arctic nations, the United States and Russian Federation. All data generated during this project will be submitted to the BCO-DMO database.