Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

Geolocation, abundance, and morphology data from Carrie Bow Caye. Geographic coordinates for this dataset can be found here: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/704783.

We surveyed a 100 m wide by 300 m long transect of reef around Carrie Bow Cay by SCUBA to map the distribution of the Aplysina fistularis and Elacatinus lori populations. GPS data were collected with a Garmin GPSMAP 76Cx unit in an underwater housing made by Sound Ocean Systems. Waypoints are accurate within 5 m. At each sponge, we recorded: depth at base of sponge (in meters, using dive computers), number of tubes per sponge, length (nearest cm, using a tape measure) and width (nearest cm, using a tape measure) of each sponge tube. We also counted the number of fish per sponge, and categorized fish into one of two life history stages: resident ≥ 18 mm standard length (SL) or settler < 18 mm SL. Divers were trained to visually identify settlers versus residents after measuring a subset of individuals with calipers. We expect accuracy to be high, as this categorization was correlated with a life history transition: settlers tend to live on the outside of sponges, and residents live on the inside of sponges. Further details on methods can be found in D’Aloia et al. (2011), Coral Reefs.

BCO-DMO Data Processing Notes:

-reformatted column names to comply with naming standards
-replaced spaces with underscores

Understanding the patterns, causes and consequences of larval dispersal is a major goal of 21st century marine ecology. Patterns of dispersal determine the rates of larval exchange, or connectivity, between populations. Both physical factors (e.g., water movement) and biological factors (e.g., larval behavior) cause variation in population connectivity. Population connectivity, in turn, has major consequences for all aspects of an organism's biology, from individual behavior to metapopulation dynamics, and from evolution within metapopulations to the origin and extinction of species. Further, understanding population connectivity is critical for the design of effective networks of marine reserves, creation of vital tools in conservation, and the development of sustainable fisheries.

Over the last decade, three methods, each of which tells something slightly different, have emerged as leading contenders to provide the greatest insights into population connectivity. First, coupled biophysical models make assumptions regarding water flow, larval behavior and ecology, to predict population connectivity. Second, indirect genetic methods use spatial distributions of allele frequencies to infer population connectivity. Third, direct genetic methods use parentage analyses, tracing recruits to specific adults, to measure population connectivity. Despite advances, lack of integration means that we do not know the predictive skill of biophysical models, or the extent to which patterns of dispersal predict spatial genetic structure. The overall objective of this proposal is to conduct an integrated investigation of population connectivity, using all three methods in one tractable system: the neon goby, Elacatinus lori, on the Belizean Barrier Reef. There are three motives for this choice of study system: i) fourteen highly polymorphic microsatellite loci have been developed, facilitating the assignment of recruits to parents using parentage analyses and the measurement of dispersal; ii) the physical oceanography of the Belizean Barrier Reef is well-studied, facilitating the development and testing of coupled biophysical models; and, iii) E. lori has a relatively small biogeographic range, facilitating analysis of the spatial distribution of allele frequencies throughout its range.

Broader Impacts. The grant will support one postdoc and two graduate students who will be trained in scientific diving, marine fieldwork, population genetics, biophysical modeling, and mathematical modeling, and will gain collaborative research experience. PIs will incorporate research findings in their courses, which cover all these topics. The grant will also broaden participation of under-represented groups by supporting six undergraduates from groups traditionally underrepresented in STEM fields. In each year of the project there will be an All Participants meeting to reinforce the network of participants. A project website will be developed, in English and Spanish, on the theme of larval dispersal and population connectivity. This will include a resource for K-12 marine science educators developed in collaboration with a marine science educator. All PIs will ensure that results are broadly disseminated to the scientific community and general public via appropriate forms of media.