Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

This dataset was collected using the Benthic Ecosystem and Acidification Measuring System (BEAMS) at Hog Reef and Bailey’s Bay, Bermuda in 2015.

Related publication:
Takeshita, Y., Cyronak, T., Martz, T. R., Andersson, A. 2017. Drivers of variability of coral reef carbonate chemistry across different functional scales, In prep. 

This dataset was collected using the Benthic Ecosystem and Acidification Measuring System (BEAMS). The details of this technique and dataset can be found in the reference provided below (Takeshita et al. 2016), but are also summarized briefly here.

BEAMS uses autonomous sensors to quantify mean gradients of pH and O2 and the current velocity profile in the benthic boundary layer (BBL) to calculate benthic fluxes of O2 (NCP) and TA (NCC). The NCP and NCC provided here represent metabolic rates under completely natural (e.g. flow and light) conditions.

Questionable rates have been removed through a quality control procedure described in Takeshita et al. 2016. Briefly, 1) measurements when the benthic boundary layer was stratified were removed, and 2) Spikes in the data were removed based on the observed delta pH/ delta O2 relationship.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- replaced "NaN" with "nd" (no data);
- combined 2 datasets (one from each site) into one file;
- Added site lat/lon values from the metadata provided;
- Converted original Date_Time field to ISO_DateTime.

Description from NSF award abstract:
Rising sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification (OA) may threaten the ability of calcified organisms to build carbonate reefs, but it is unclear if particular reefs have the capacity to tolerate global change. Current understanding of the effects of OA on coral reefs originates from single-species laboratory studies largely focused on scleractinian corals. Traditionally, these experiments attempt to mimic static future conditions under the assumption that coastal regimes are as constant as -- and will acidify at the same rate as -- open ocean surface waters. Predictions based on these oversimplified scenarios are unrealistic because numerous benthic organisms, including calcifiers and primary producers, significantly alter the bulk seawater carbonate chemistry over a diurnal cycle. Further, the prevalence of recently appreciated extreme diel fluctuations in pH across some reefs suggests that benthic species may be acclimated to future carbonate conditions.

To look for potential OA refugia on reefs, a research team from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography (University of California at San Diego) and the Lamont Dougherty Earth Observatory (Columbia University) will undertake a unique mechanistic study on Palmyra Atoll, a remote uninhabited island in the central Pacific that lacks degradation from local human influence. They will explore the strengths and controls of biogeochemical feedbacks from coral reef benthic community assemblages to the seawater chemistry above and experimentally determine how this natural fluctuation affects physiological responses of key taxa to OA. Specifically they will: (1) tightly integrate a novel benthic flux technique in situ that allows continuous, high-temporal resolution measurements of net ecosystem metabolic rates (production and calcification) with an ongoing high spatial resolution benthic community dynamics study to quantify feedbacks of known species assemblages to observed natural spatiotemporal variability in seawater carbonate chemistry; and (2) use small scale common garden CO2 enrichment experiments and productivity/respiration assays in the lab paired with reciprocal transplant experiments in situ to empirically quantify the effects of elevated and/or fluctuating pCO2 on growth, calcification and photophysiology of common framework building organisms and their benthic competitors. This should allow them to examine the coupled interactions between OA and diverse benthic coral reef organisms in their natural environment in the absence of other confounding human impacts.