Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
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Mortazavi, Behzad | National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
Burnett, William C. | Florida State University EOAS (FSU - EOAS) | Co-Principal Investigator |
Ake, Hannah | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
HS- and NH4+ porewater data.
Little Lagoon is a shallow coastal lagoon that is tidally connected to the Gulf of Mexico but has no riverine inputs. The water in the lagoon is replenished solely from precipitation and groundwater inputs primarily on the East end (Su et al. 2012). Because of the rapid development in Baldwin County, a large amount of NO3- enters the Little Lagoon system through SGD (Murgulet & Tick 2008). In this region, there can be rapid changes in the depth to groundwater (Fig. 4.1 inset) and episodic SGD inputs to the lagoon (Su et al.2013). Within the lagoon, three sites were selected (East, Mouth, and West) to represent the gradient that exists across the lagoon from the input of groundwater. Sites were sampled on a near-monthly basis from February 2012 to February 2013.
Porewater Samples
At each site, point measurements of temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded with a YSI 556 Multiparameter Meter. Triplicate sediment porewater samples were collected with a modified coring device (2.7 cm ID), sectioned at 10 mm intervals to 60 mm, and extracted in 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith & Caffrey 2009) prior to filtering and freezing. The filtered (GF/F, 0.7 micron) supernatant was analyzed for DIN (NO2 -, NO3 -, NH4 +) and phosphate (PO4 3-), and represents total extractable porewater nutrients. Standard wet chemical techniques modified for the Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer (Pennock & Cowan 2001) were performed for all nutrient concentration analysis. Water column and sediment chlorophyll-α content were determined fluorometrically (Welschmeyer 1994) after cold extraction in 90% acetone from filters and in triplicate, respectively.
Additional methodology can be found in:
Bernard, Rebecca & Mortazavi, Behzad & A. Kleinhuizen, Alice. (2015). Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) seasonally dominates NO3− reduction pathways in an anthropogenically impacted sub-tropical coastal lagoon. Biogeochemistry. 125. 47-64. 10.1007/s10533-015-0111-6.
Data were flagged as below detection limits if no measurable rates were returned after calculations. See equations in methodology section of:
Bernard, Rebecca & Mortazavi, Behzad & A. Kleinhuizen, Alice. (2015). Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) seasonally dominates NO3− reduction pathways in an anthropogenically impacted sub-tropical coastal lagoon. Biogeochemistry. 125. 47-64. 10.1007/s10533-015-0111-6.
Statistical Analysis
To test the seasonal flux variability between sites in Little Lagoon, two-way ANOVAs with site and date as independent variables were performed. When data could not be transformed to meet ANOVA assumptions, Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used. When significant differences occurred, Tukey HSD or Steel-Dwass post hoc tests were used to determine significant interactions. A Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on all biogeochemical parameters to identify underlying multivariate components that may be influencing N fluxes. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the principal components and fluxes. Statistical significance of the data set was determined at α=0.05 and error is reported as standard error. All statistical analyses were performed in SAS JMP 10 (SAS Institute Inc.).
BCO-DMO Data Processing Notes:
- Data reorganized into one table under one set of column names from both original files
- Units removed from column names
- Column names reformatted to meet BCO-DMO standards
- Created column Year to describe to capture the metadata in the file name
File |
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porewater.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 8.99 KB) MD5:99144b18dc6565ac4245451d9ae4be97 Primary data file for dataset ID 723975 |
Parameter | Description | Units |
Year | Year ID that samples were taken | unitless |
Date | Month and day that samples were taken; MMM-DD | unitless |
Julian_Date | Julian date of sampling | unitless |
Depth | Depth of sampling | meters |
Mouth_HS | Hydrogen sulfide porewater values taken at the site Mouth; location of site is 30.243683, -87.738407 | micromoles |
East_HS | Hydrogen sulfide porewater values taken at the site East; location of site is 30.253347, -87.724729 | micromoles |
West_HS | Hydrogen sulfide porewater values taken at the site West; location of site is 30.247181, -87.767856 | micromoles |
East_NH4 | Ammonium porewater values taken at the site East; location of site is 30.253347, -87.724729 | micromoles |
Mouth_NH4 | Ammonium porewater values taken at the site Mouth; location of site is 30.243683, -87.738407 | micromoles |
West_NH4 | West porewater values taken at the site West; location of site is 30.247181, -87.767856 | micromoles |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Fluorometer |
Generic Instrument Name | Fluorometer |
Dataset-specific Description | Used to collected water column and sediment chlorophyll-a content |
Generic Instrument Description | A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Modified coring device |
Generic Instrument Name | Multi Corer |
Dataset-specific Description | Used to collected porewater samples |
Generic Instrument Description | The Multi Corer is a benthic coring device used to collect multiple, simultaneous, undisturbed sediment/water samples from the seafloor. Multiple coring tubes with varying sampling capacity depending on tube dimensions are mounted in a frame designed to sample the deep ocean seafloor. For more information, see Barnett et al. (1984) in Oceanologica Acta, 7, pp. 399-408. |
Website | |
Platform | SmallBoat_FSU |
Start Date | 2010-04-05 |
End Date | 2013-08-17 |
Description | The sampling sites were all accessed from small boats, here amalgamated to one deployment called LittleLagoon. |
This project investigated the link between submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and microalgal dynamics in Little Lagoon, Alabama. In contrast to most near-shore environments, it is fully accessible; has no riverine inputs; and is large enough to display ecological diversity (c. 14x 0.75 km) yet small enough to be comprehensively sampled on appropriate temporal and spatial scales. The PIs have previously demonstrated that the lagoon is a hot-spot for toxic blooms of the diatom Pseudo-nitzchia spp. that are correlated with discharge from the surficial aquifer. This project assessed variability in SGD, the dependence of benthic nutrient fluxes on microphytobenthos (MPB) abundance and productivity, and the response of the phytoplankton to nutrient enrichment and dilution. The work integrated multiple temporal and spatial scales and demonstrated both the relative importance of SGD vs. benthic recycling as a source of nutrients, and the role of SGD in structuring the microalgal community. (paraphrased from Award abstract)
Funding Source | Award |
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NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |