Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

CTD data from Atlantis cruise AT 37-12 in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific in April and May 2017.

Header information from Sea-Bird SBE 9 data files (sample from cast 1):
* Sea-Bird SBE 9 Data File:
* FileName = C:\data\ctd\at3712001.hdr
* Software Version Seasave V 7.23.2
* Temperature SN = 4303
* Conductivity SN = 3009
* Number of Bytes Per Scan = 40
* Number of Voltage Words = 5
* Number of Scans Averaged by the Deck Unit = 1
* System UpLoad Time = Apr 25 2017 14:19:16
* NMEA Latitude = 14 01.97 N
* NMEA Longitude = 104 20.66 W
* NMEA UTC (Time) = Apr 25 2017 14:19:00
* Store Lat/Lon Data = Append to Every Scan
* System UTC = Apr 25 2017 14:19:16
# nquan = 26
# nvalues = 3003
# units = specified

# name 0 = timeS: Time, Elapsed [seconds]
# name 1 = longitude: Longitude [deg]
# name 2 = latitude: Latitude [deg]
# name 3 = prDM: Pressure, Digiquartz [db]
# name 4 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C]
# name 5 = t190C: Temperature, 2 [ITS-90, deg C]
# name 6 = c0S/m: Conductivity [S/m]
# name 7 = c1S/m: Conductivity, 2 [S/m]
# name 8 = CStarTr0: Beam Transmission, WET Labs C-Star [%]
# name 9 = flECO-AFL: Fluorescence, WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL [mg/m^3]
# name 10 = turbWETntu0: Turbidity, WET Labs ECO [NTU]
# name 11 = sbeox0V: Oxygen raw, SBE 43 [V]
# name 12 = altM: Altimeter [m]
# name 13 = nbf: Bottles Fired
# name 14 = spar: SPAR/Surface Irradiance
# name 15 = T2-T190C: Temperature Difference, 2 - 1 [ITS-90, deg C]
# name 16 = depSM: Depth [salt water, m], lat = 14.0328
# name 17 = density00: Density [density, kg/m^3]
# name 18 = density11: Density, 2 [density, kg/m^3]
# name 19 = sal00: Salinity, Practical [PSU]
# name 20 = sal11: Salinity, Practical, 2 [PSU]
# name 21 = svCM: Sound Velocity [Chen-Millero, m/s]
# name 22 = svCM1: Sound Velocity, 2 [Chen-Millero, m/s]
# name 23 = sbeox0Mm/L: Oxygen, SBE 43 [umol/l], WS = 2
# name 24 = dz/dtM: Descent Rate [m/s], WS = 2
# name 25 = flag: flag

# span 0 = 10.777, 6384.982
# span 1 = -104.34815, -104.34439
# span 2 = 14.02820, 14.03274
# span 3 = 2.012, 1517.275
# span 4 = 3.0261, 29.5506
# span 5 = 3.0246, 29.5499
# span 6 = 3.203151, 5.633423
# span 7 = 3.202059, 5.631726
# span 8 = 97.9989, 100.2511
# span 9 = -0.0468, 1.1713
# span 10 = -0.1532, -0.1508
# span 11 = 0.5349, 2.6302
# span 12 = 19.15, 103.34
# span 13 = 0, 23
# span 14 = 3.2622e+00, 6.3235e+00
# span 15 = -0.5208, 0.1394
# span 16 = 2.000, 1503.000
# span 17 = 1021.1002, 1034.5674
# span 18 = 1021.0921, 1034.5583
# span 19 = 33.7034, 34.8581
# span 20 = 33.6949, 34.8381
# span 21 = 1485.17, 1543.87
# span 22 = 1485.17, 1543.86
# span 23 = 0.417, 206.650
# span 24 = -1.760, 1.703
# span 25 = 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00

# interval = meters: 1
# start_time = Apr 25 2017 14:19:00 [NMEA time, header]
# bad_flag = -9.990e-29

# <Sensors count="15" >
# <sensor Channel="1" >
# <!-- Frequency 0, Temperature -->
# <TemperatureSensor SensorID="55" >
# <SerialNumber>4303</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>20-Jan-16</CalibrationDate>
# <UseG_J>1</UseG_J>
# <A>0.00000000e+000</A>
# <B>0.00000000e+000</B>
# <C>0.00000000e+000</C>
# <D>0.00000000e+000</D>
# <F0_Old>0.000</F0_Old>
# <G>4.38501054e-003</G>
# <H>6.47529902e-004</H>
# <I>2.19462935e-005</I>
# <J>1.64955605e-006</J>
# <F0>1000.000</F0>
# <Slope>1.00000000</Slope>
# <Offset>0.0000</Offset>
# </TemperatureSensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="2" >
# <!-- Frequency 1, Conductivity -->
# <ConductivitySensor SensorID="3" >
# <SerialNumber>3009</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>20-Jan-16</CalibrationDate>
# <UseG_J>1</UseG_J>
# <!-- Cell const and series R are applicable only for wide range sensors. -->
# <SeriesR>0.0000</SeriesR>
# <CellConst>2000.0000</CellConst>
# <ConductivityType>0</ConductivityType>
# <Coefficients equation="0" >
# <A>0.00000000e+000</A>
# <B>0.00000000e+000</B>
# <C>0.00000000e+000</C>
# <D>0.00000000e+000</D>
# <M>0.0</M>
# <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor>
# </Coefficients>
# <Coefficients equation="1" >
# <G>-1.04864981e+001</G>
# <H>1.48778269e+000</H>
# <I>3.67673536e-004</I>
# <J>5.06417242e-005</J>
# <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor>
# <CTcor>3.2500e-006</CTcor>
# <!-- WBOTC not applicable unless ConductivityType = 1. -->
# <WBOTC>0.00000000e+000</WBOTC>
# </Coefficients>
# <Slope>1.00000000</Slope>
# <Offset>0.00000</Offset>
# </ConductivitySensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="3" >
# <!-- Frequency 2, Pressure, Digiquartz with TC -->
# <PressureSensor SensorID="45" >
# <SerialNumber>0749</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>08-Apr-14</CalibrationDate>
# <C1>-4.970438e+004</C1>
# <C2>-4.005750e-001</C2>
# <C3>1.365700e-002</C3>
# <D1>3.669600e-002</D1>
# <D2>0.000000e+000</D2>
# <T1>3.027760e+001</T1>
# <T2>-4.522040e-004</T2>
# <T3>4.002070e-006</T3>
# <T4>1.971140e-009</T4>
# <Slope>0.99992397</Slope>
# <Offset>-1.86008</Offset>
# <T5>0.000000e+000</T5>
# <AD590M>1.283700e-002</AD590M>
# <AD590B>-8.706643e+000</AD590B>
# </PressureSensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="4" >
# <!-- Frequency 3, Temperature, 2 -->
# <TemperatureSensor SensorID="55" >
# <SerialNumber>4360</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>20-Jan-16</CalibrationDate>
# <UseG_J>1</UseG_J>
# <A>0.00000000e+000</A>
# <B>0.00000000e+000</B>
# <C>0.00000000e+000</C>
# <D>0.00000000e+000</D>
# <F0_Old>0.000</F0_Old>
# <G>4.36265052e-003</G>
# <H>6.49800036e-004</H>
# <I>2.30621342e-005</I>
# <J>1.84888934e-006</J>
# <F0>1000.000</F0>
# <Slope>1.00000000</Slope>
# <Offset>0.0000</Offset>
# </TemperatureSensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="5" >
# <!-- Frequency 4, Conductivity, 2 -->
# <ConductivitySensor SensorID="3" >
# <SerialNumber>2707</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>20-Jan-16</CalibrationDate>
# <UseG_J>1</UseG_J>
# <!-- Cell const and series R are applicable only for wide range sensors. -->
# <SeriesR>0.0000</SeriesR>
# <CellConst>2000.0000</CellConst>
# <ConductivityType>0</ConductivityType>
# <Coefficients equation="0" >
# <A>0.00000000e+000</A>
# <B>0.00000000e+000</B>
# <C>0.00000000e+000</C>
# <D>0.00000000e+000</D>
# <M>0.0</M>
# <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor>
# </Coefficients>
# <Coefficients equation="1" >
# <G>-1.07265688e+001</G>
# <H>1.55946953e+000</H>
# <I>-1.31572164e-003</I>
# <J>1.86775491e-004</J>
# <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor>
# <CTcor>3.2500e-006</CTcor>
# <!-- WBOTC not applicable unless ConductivityType = 1. -->
# <WBOTC>0.00000000e+000</WBOTC>
# </Coefficients>
# <Slope>1.00000000</Slope>
# <Offset>0.00000</Offset>
# </ConductivitySensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="6" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 0, Oxygen, SBE 43 -->
# <OxygenSensor SensorID="38" >
# <SerialNumber>0072</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>16-Jan-16</CalibrationDate>
# <Use2007Equation>1</Use2007Equation>
# <CalibrationCoefficients equation="0" >
# <!-- Coefficients for Owens-Millard equation. -->
# <Boc>0.0000</Boc>
# <Soc>0.0000e+000</Soc>
# <offset>0.0000</offset>
# <Pcor>0.00e+000</Pcor>
# <Tcor>0.0000</Tcor>
# <Tau>0.0</Tau>
# </CalibrationCoefficients>
# <CalibrationCoefficients equation="1" >
# <!-- Coefficients for Sea-Bird equation - SBE calibration in 2007 and later. -->
# <Soc>4.8025e-001</Soc>
# <offset>-0.5316</offset>
# <A>-4.2594e-003</A>
# <B> 2.1935e-004</B>
# <C>-3.0959e-006</C>
# <D0> 2.5826e+000</D0>
# <D1> 1.92634e-004</D1>
# <D2>-4.64803e-002</D2>
# <E> 3.6000e-002</E>
# <Tau20> 2.5000</Tau20>
# <H1>-3.3000e-002</H1>
# <H2> 5.0000e+003</H2>
# <H3> 1.4500e+003</H3>
# </CalibrationCoefficients>
# </OxygenSensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="7" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 1, Free -->
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="8" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 2, Free -->
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="9" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 3, Transmissometer, WET Labs C-Star -->
# <WET_LabsCStar SensorID="71" >
# <SerialNumber>CST-1117</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>20May15, Field 8Mar17</CalibrationDate>
# <M>20.9850</M>
# <B>-0.1538</B>
# <PathLength>0.250</PathLength>
# </WET_LabsCStar>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="10" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 4, Fluorometer, WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL -->
# <FluoroWetlabECO_AFL_FL_Sensor SensorID="20" >
# <SerialNumber>FLTURT-1013</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>2014-April-25</CalibrationDate>
# <ScaleFactor>6.00000000e+000</ScaleFactor>
# <!-- Dark output -->
# <Vblank>0.0870</Vblank>
# </FluoroWetlabECO_AFL_FL_Sensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="11" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 5, Turbidity Meter, WET Labs, ECO-NTU -->
# <TurbidityMeter SensorID="67" >
# <SerialNumber>FLTURT-1013</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>2014 April 25</CalibrationDate>
# <ScaleFactor>0.080000</ScaleFactor>
# <!-- Dark output -->
# <DarkVoltage>2.000000</DarkVoltage>
# </TurbidityMeter>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="12" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 6, Altimeter -->
# <AltimeterSensor SensorID="0" >
# <SerialNumber>PSA916-40852</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate></CalibrationDate>
# <ScaleFactor>15.000</ScaleFactor>
# <Offset>0.000</Offset>
# </AltimeterSensor>
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="13" >
# <!-- A/D voltage 7, Free -->
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="14" >
# <!-- SPAR voltage, Unavailable -->
# </sensor>

# <sensor Channel="15" >
# <!-- SPAR voltage, SPAR/Surface Irradiance -->
# <SPAR_Sensor SensorID="51" >
# <SerialNumber>16500</SerialNumber>
# <CalibrationDate>March 28, 2013</CalibrationDate>
# <ConversionFactor>1641.85000000</ConversionFactor>
# <RatioMultiplier>1.00000000</RatioMultiplier>
# </SPAR_Sensor>
# </sensor>
# </Sensors>

# datcnv_date = Apr 25 2017 16:08:39, 7.23.2 [datcnv_vars = 16]
# datcnv_in = c:\data\ctd\at3712001.hex c:\data\ctd\at3712001.XMLCON
# datcnv_skipover = 0
# datcnv_ox_hysteresis_correction = yes

# wildedit_date = Apr 25 2017 16:08:50, 7.23.2
# wildedit_in = c:\data\ctd\process\at3712001.cnv
# wildedit_pass1_nstd = 2.0
# wildedit_pass2_nstd = 20.0
# wildedit_pass2_mindelta = 2.000e+000
# wildedit_npoint = 100
# wildedit_vars = longitude latitude prDM t090C t190C c0S/m c1S/m CStarTr0 flECO-AFL turbWETntu0 sbeox0V altM spar T2-T190C
# wildedit_excl_bad_scans = yes
# alignctd_date = Apr 25 2017 16:08:57, 7.23.2
# alignctd_in = c:\data\ctd\process\at3712001.cnv
# alignctd_adv = c0S/m 0.073, c1S/m 0.073, sbeox0V 2.000
# celltm_date = Apr 25 2017 16:09:07, 7.23.2
# celltm_in = c:\data\ctd\process\at3712001.cnv
# celltm_alpha = 0.0300, 0.0300
# celltm_tau = 7.0000, 7.0000
# celltm_temp_sensor_use_for_cond = primary, secondary
# Derive_date = Apr 25 2017 16:09:13, 7.23.2 [derive_vars = 9]
# Derive_in = c:\data\ctd\process\at3712001.cnv c:\data\ctd\process\at3712001.XMLCON
# derive_time_window_docdt = seconds: 2
# derive_ox_tau_correction = no
# derive_time_window_dzdt = seconds: 2
# binavg_date = Apr 25 2017 16:09:19, 7.23.2
# binavg_in = c:\data\ctd\process\at3712001.cnv
# binavg_bintype = meters
# binavg_binsize = 1
# binavg_excl_bad_scans = yes
# binavg_skipover = 0
# binavg_surface_bin = no, min = 1.000, max = 0.000, value = 0.000
# file_type = ascii

Further information on sensors:
sensor_channel,parameter,sensor_id,serial_number,instrument,calibration_date
1,Temperature_1,55,4303,nd,2016-01-20
2,Conductivity_1,3,3009,nd,2016-01-20
3,Pressure,45,0749,Digiquartz_with_TC,2014-04-08
4,Temperature_2,55,4360,nd,2016-01-20
5,Conductivity_2,3,2707,nd,2016-01-20
6,Oxygen,38,0072,SBE_43,2016-01-16
7,free,,,,
8,free,,,,
9,Transmissometer,71,CST-1117,WET_LabsCStar,20-May-15;_8-Mar-17
10,Fluorometer,20,FLTURT-1013,WetlabECO_AFL_FL_Sensor,2014-04-25
11,Turbidity,67,FLTURT-1013,WET_Labs,_ECO-NTU,2014-04-25
12,Altimeter,0,PSA916-40852,nd,
13,free,,,,
14,SPAR,,,Unavailable,
15,SPAR/Surface_Irradiance,50,16500,,2013-03-28

BCO-DMO made the following modifications:
- Changed parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO conventions.
- Added date_start, lat_start, lon_start, time_start_UTC and bottom depth from the summary information provided by the PI.

NSF award abstract:

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents, first discovered in 1977, are exemplary ecosystems where microbial chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis is the primary source of organic carbon. Chemosynthetic microorganisms use the energy generated by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals contained in the vent fluids, like hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen gas, to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into cell material. By doing so, they effectively transfer the energy from a geothermal source to higher trophic levels, in the process supporting the unique and fascinating ecosystems that are characterized by high productivity - oases in the otherwise barren deep ocean landscape. While the general view of the functioning of these ecosystems is established, there are still major gaps in our understanding of the microbiology and biogeochemistry of these systems. Particularly lacking are studies measuring rates of microbial activity in situ, which is ultimately needed to understand production of these ecosystems and to assess their impact on global biogeochemical cycles. This project makes use of the Vent-Submersible Incubation Device (Vent-SID), a robotic micro-laboratory that was recently developed and tested in the field. This instrument makes it possible for the first time to determine rates of carbon fixation at both in situ pressures and temperatures, revolutionizing the way we conduct microbial biogeochemical investigations at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This is an interdisciplinary and collaborative effort between two US and foreign institutions, creating unique opportunities for networking and to foster international collaborations. This will also benefit two graduate students working in the project, who will get exposed to a wide range of instrumentation and scientific fields, facilitating their interdisciplinary education. In collaboration with Dr. Nitzan Resnick, academic dean of The Sage School, an elementary school outreach program will be developed and a long-term partnership with the school established. Further, a cruise blog site to disseminate the research to schools and the broader public will be set up. The results will be the topic of media coverage as well as be integrated into coursework and webpages existing either in the PI's labs or at the institution.

This project is using a recently developed robotic micro-laboratory, the Vent-SID, to measure rates of chemoautotrophic production and to determine the relative importance of oxygen and nitrate in driving chemosynthesis at deep-sea hydrothermal vents at in situ pressures and temperatures and to tackle the following currently unresolved science objectives: 1) obtain in situ rates of chemoautotrophic carbon fixation, 2) obtain in situ nitrate reduction rate measurements, and 3) directly correlate the measurement of these processes with the expression of key genes involved in carbon and energy metabolism. Although recent data suggests that nitrate reduction either to N2 (denitrification) or to NH4+ (dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium) might be responsible for a significant fraction of chemoautotrophic production, NO3-reduction rates have never been measured in situ at hydrothermal vents. The researchers hypothesize that chemoautrophic growth is strongly coupled to nitrate respiration in vent microbial communities. During a cruise that will take place approximately 12 months into the project (~Feb 2017), the researchers will carry out a total of 4 deployments of the Vent-SID as well as ancillary sampling collection at the 9°46N to 9°53N segment of the East Pacific Rise. They will focus efforts on two diffuse-flow vent sites, "Crab Spa" and "Teddy Bear". "Crab Spa" is a diffuse flow vent site (T: 25°C) that has been used as a model system to gain insights into chemoautotrophic processes and has been frequently sampled over the last several years. This vent site has been very well characterized, both geochemically and microbiologically, providing excellent background data for the proposed process oriented studies. "Teddy Bear" is a diffuse-flow site that was discovered in Jan 2014, and it has a lower temperature (T: 12°C), making it a good comparative site. The researchers will perform a number of short duration time-course incubations to assess the role of different environmental parameters that have been identified as likely key variables (e.g., O2, temperature, NO3-), and to link these process rate measurements to the expression of functional genes using metatranscriptomic analyses. This study will be the first attempt to measure critical metabolic processes of hydrothermal vent microbial assemblages under critical in situ conditions and to assess the quantitative importance of electron donor and acceptor pathways in situ. In the future, it is envisioned that the Vent-SID will become a routine application by the oceanographic community for measuring time series rates of relevant metabolic processes at hydrothermal vents under in situ pressures and vent fluid temperatures.