Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

This dataset includes sediment hydrocarbon concentrations from samples collected using Alvin pushcores at Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents, RV/Atlantis cruise AT42-05, Nov. 2018.

Alvin pushcores dedicated to hydrocarbon analyses were sectioned to recover the 0-6cm, 6-12, and 12-18cm fractions, or the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30cm fractions. 7 ml of sediment from each horizon was sampled for methane analysis. The samples were collected at 10 ml serum vials and treated with 2.8 ml of NaOH 1M. The serum vials were sealed with black stoppers and stored inverted at -20 degrees C. The remaining sediment from each horizon (~40ml of sample) was aliquoted into two 50 ml Falcon tubes and was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to separate porewater from the sediment. After centrifugation, the porewater was filtered through sterile syringe cellulose 0.45micron filters. 20 ml of the porewater was collected into 20 ml serum vials for saturated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkane analysis and stored at 4 degrees C. The sediment cake from each horizon was kept and stored at 4 degrees C for hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkane analysis.

The sediment hydrocarbon analyses were done by  Alpha  Analytical, Mansfield,  MA, USA using  1,8270D-SIM(M).

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions and match porewater nutrients dataset
- added columns for EPA_method and sample_type
- moved header columns to separate dataset "hydrocarbon_sample_log"
- removed blank rows

NSF Award Abstract:
Fungi that can derive energy from chemicals, yet consume other organisms or organic material to obtain carbon have been reported from diverse marine subsurface samples, including from hundreds of meters below the seafloor. Evidence exists that Fungi are active in subsurface marine sediments globally, yet there is a dearth of knowledge on their role in the marine subsurface, and specifically on their role(s) in hydrocarbon degradation within deep-sea sediments. This team is isolating a broad collection of environmentally relevant filamentous Fungi and yeasts from hydrothermally-influenced and hydrocarbon-rich seep sediments of Guaymas Basin using high-throughput culture-based approaches. They aim to reveal the diversity of Fungi and Bacteria in these hydrothermal sediments, how temperature and hydrocarbon composition shape their distribution, and how Fungi cooperate to enhance the degradation of hydrocarbons by Bacteria. By hosting six undergraduates through the WHOI Summer Student Fellows program and the Woods Hole Partnership Education Program, the project contributes to increasing diversity in marine science by offering opportunities for promising undergraduates from disadvantaged populations. High school students are involved in summer projects and in intensive summer workshops. One postdoc, a graduate student, and two Research Associates are supported, and international collaborations are strengthened. The postdoc and graduate student are gaining valuable cruise-based experience. An e-lecture on Fungi and their role(s) in biodegradation of hydrocarbons will be made publicly available by the end of the project. Fungal isolates with accompanying information will be secured in a reference culture collection for long-term storage and are available to any interested researcher throughout the project.

The PIs are isolating a broad collection of environmentally relevant filamentous Fungi and yeasts from hydrothermally-influenced and hydrocarbon-rich seep sediments of Guaymas Basin using high-throughput culture-based approaches, with the aim to reveal their ability to degrade individual hydrocarbons under in situ pressures and temperatures. Culture independent methods marker gene analyses are used to characterize in situ fungal and bacterial diversity and to examine how temperature and hydrocarbon composition shape fungal community composition and distribution. Traditional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic analyses are used to examine the complexities and subtle changes in inventories of hydrocarbons within sediment cores, and provide evidence for in situ microbial alteration of individual hydrocarbons. Incubation experiments are used to test the ability of fungal isolates to utilize different hydrocarbons as a sole or auxiliary carbon source under in situ pressures and temperatures and their ability to stimulate biodegradation of hydrocarbons by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Expressed genes within these incubation studies tell us how Fungi and Bacteria couple metabolisms to increase overall specificity and extent of biodegradation of hydrocarbons.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.