Dataset: Global Bleaching and Environmental Data

Name: Bleaching and environmental data for global coral reef sites from 1980-2020
Published: 2022-10-14
Keywords: coral reefs, coral bleaching, global dataset, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.773466.2

Spatial Extent: N:36.75 E:179.964472 S:-30.2625 W:-179.974333

Temporal Extent: 1980-06-15 - 2020-08-15

Project:

Identifying coral reef 'bright spots' from the global 2015-2017 thermal-stress event (Coral Reef Brightspots)

Principal Investigator:

Robert van Woesik (Florida Institute of Technology, FIT)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Deron Burkepile (University of California-Santa Barbara, UCSB)

Contact:

Robert van Woesik (Florida Institute of Technology, FIT)

Data Manager:

Chelsey Kratochwill (Florida Institute of Technology, FIT)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2022-10-14

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Bleaching and environmental data for global coral reef sites from 1980-2020

Abstract:

These data include information on the presence and absence of coral bleaching, allowing comparative analyses and the determination of geographical bleaching thresholds, together with site exposure, distance to land, mean turbidity, cyclone frequency, and a suite of sea-surface temperature metrics at the times of survey.

Expand/Collapse All

Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier (PID)	Date PID Issued
2022-10-14	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.773466.2	2022-10-14
2019-07-18	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.773466.1	2019-12-09

Methods & Sampling

See Methods of van Woesik and Kratochwill (2022; doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01121-y)

Briefly, data were collected from seven sources: 1) Reef Check (https://www.reefcheck.org/global-reef-tracker/), (2) Donner et al. (2017), (3) McClanahan et al. (2019), (4) AGRRA (https://www.agrra.org), (5) FRRP (https://ocean.floridamarine.org/FRRP/Home/Reports), (6) Safaie et al. (2018), and (7) Kumagai et al. (2018). Site coordinates were standardized to decimal degrees using Google Earth. Coordinates were compared to ensure a sampling event was not duplicated across multiple data sources. Points were removed if they occurred on land or were more than 1 kilometer from a coral reef. Environmental and site data were added to each site, including reef site exposure, distance to land, mean turbidity, cyclone frequency, and CoRTAD Version 6 environmental data.

Data Processing Description

Data processing:
Data were processed using Microsoft Access 2019, R, and QGIS.

Known problems/issues:
There were few data on coral bleaching before the 1998 bleaching event and most data were collected between 2015 and 2016.

BCO-DMO Processing:
version 1:
(date: 2019-07-18)
- renamed "Latitude Degrees" to "Latitude_Degrees";
- replaced blanks (no data) with "nd";
- removed special characters from place names;
- added "Date2" column with date formatted as yyyymmdd.

version 2:
(date: 2022-10-14)
- created "Date" field from separate year, month, day columns;
- removed commas from: "Ecoregion", "City_Town_Name", "Site_Name";
- replaced commas with semi-colons in: "Sample_Comments", "Site_Comments";
- replaced or removed line breaks (\n, \r, <br>) and tabs (\t) with spaces in: "Sample_Comments", "Site_Comments";
- replaced or removed non-printing characters;
- reordered fields (moved comments to the end for readability);
- rounded latitude, longitude, and turbidity columns to 4 decimal places;
- rounded all other numeric columns to 2 decimal places.

Data Files

File
global_bleaching_environmental.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 16.00 MB) MD5:42a6f10a6efa9e6b926d04b86b45a19f Primary data file for dataset ID 773466

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-1829393

Deployments

None available yet

Instruments

None available yet

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Site_ID	Unique identifier for each site	unitless	site
Sample_ID	Unique identifier for each sampling event	unitless	sample
Data_Source	Source of data set	unitless	sampling_method
Latitude_Degrees	Latitude coordinates (positive vaues = North; negative values = South)	degrees North	lat
Longitude_Degrees	Longitude coordinates (positive values = East; negative values = West)	degrees East	lon
Ocean_Name	The ocean in which the sampling took place	unitless	region
Reef_ID	Unique identifier from Reef Check data	unitless	Site_ID
Realm_Name	Identification of realm as defined by the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) Spalding et al. 2007	unitless	region
Ecoregion_Name	Identification of the Ecoregions (150) as defined by Veron et al	unitless	region
Country_Name	The country where sampling took place	unitless	region
State_Island_Province_Name	The state, territory (e.g., Guam) or island group (e.g., Hawaiian Islands) where sampling took place	unitless	region
City_Town_Name	The region, city, or nearest town, where sampling took place	unitless	region
Site_Name	The accepted name of the site or the name given by the team that sampled the reef	unitless	site
Distance_to_Shore	The distance of the sampling site from the nearest land	meters (m)	length
Exposure	The site's exposure to fetch. Site was considered exposed if it had >20 km of fetch, if there were strong seasonal winds, or if the site faced the prevailing winds. Otherwise, the site was considered sheltered or "sometimes". "Sometimes" refers to a few sites with a >20 km fetch through a narrow geographic window, and therefore we considered that the site was potentially exposed during cyclone seasons.	unitless	site_descrip
Turbidity	Kd490 with a 100-km buffer. Turbidity was considered to be positively related to the diffuse attenuation coefficient of light at the 490 nm wavelength (Kd490), or the rate at which light at 490 nm is attenuated with depth. For example, a Kd490 value of 0.1 m?1 means that light intensity is reduced by one natural-log value within 10 m of water. High values of Kd490, therefore, represent high attenuation and hence high turbidity.	reciprocal meters (m-1)	turbidity
Cyclone_Frequency	number of cyclone events from 1964 to 2014	unitless	site_descrip
Date_Day	the day of the sampling event	unitless	day
Date_Month	the month of sampling event	unitless	month
Date_Year	the year of sampling event	unitless	year
Depth_m	depth of sampling site	meters (m)	depth_w
Substrate_Name	type of substrate from Reef Check data	unitless	site_descrip
Percent_Cover	average cover value (percent)	percent	percent_cover
Bleaching_Level	Reef Check data, coral population or coral colony	unitless	site_descrip
Percent_Bleaching	An average of four transect segments (Reef Check) or average of a bleaching code	percent	bleach_percent
ClimSST	Climatological sea surface temperature (SST) based on weekly SSTs for the study time frame, created using a harmonics approach	degrees Celsius	SST
Temperature_Kelvin	Temperature in Kelvin	Kelvin	temp
Temperature_Mean	Mean Temperature	degrees Celsius	temp
Temperature_Minimum	Minimum Temperture	degrees Celsius	temp
Temperature_Maximum	Maximum Temperature	degrees Celsius	temp
Temperature_Kelvin_Standard_Deviation	Standard deviation of temperature	Kelvin	temp
Windspeed	Windspeed	meters per hour	wind_speed
SSTA	Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly: weekly SST minus weekly climatological SST	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Standard_Deviation	The Standard Deviation of weekly SST Anomalies over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Mean	The mean SSTA over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Minimum	The minimum SSTA over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Maximum	The maximum SSTA over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Frequency	Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Frequency: number of times over the previous 52 weeks that SSTA >=1 degree C	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_Frequency_Standard_Deviation	The standard deviation of SSTA_Frequency over the entire time period	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_FrequencyMax	The maximum SSTA_Frequency over the entire time period	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_FrequencyMean	The mean SSTA_Frequency over the entire time period	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_DHW	Sea Surface Temperature Degree Heating Weeks: sum of previous 12 weeks when SSTA>=1 degree C	weeks	time_elapsed
SSTA_DHW_Standard_Deviation	The standard deviation SSTA_DHW over the entire time period	weeks	SST
SSTA_DHWMax	The maximum SSTA_DHW over the entire time period	weeks	SST
SSTA_DHWMean	The mean SSTA_DHW over the entire time period	weeks	SST
TSA	Thermal Stress Anomaly: Weekly sea surface temperature minus the maximum of weekly climatological sea surface temperature	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Standard_Deviation	The standard deviation of TSA over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Minimum	The minimum TSA over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Maximum	The maximum TSA over the entire time period	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Mean	The mean TSA over the entire times period	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Frequency	Thermal Stress Anomaly Frequency: number of times over previous 52 weeks that TSA >=1 degree C	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_Frequency_Standard_Deviation	The standard deviation of frequency of thermal stress anomalies over the entire time period	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_FrequencyMax	The maximum TSA_Frequency over the entire time period	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_FrequencyMean	The mean TSA_Frequency over the entire time period	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_DHW	Thermal Stress Anomaly (TSA) Degree Heating Week (DHW): Sum of previous 12 weeks when TSA >=1 degree C	weeks	time_elapsed
TSA_DHW_Standard_Deviation	The standard deviation of TSA_DHW over the entire time period	weeks	time_elapsed
TSA_DHWMax	The maximum TSA_DHW over the entire time period	weeks	time_elapsed
TSA_DHWMean	The mean TSA_DHW over the entire time period	weeks	time_elapsed
Date	date of sampling event in format YYYY-MM-DD Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
Site_Comments	comments of any issues with the site or additional information	unitless	comment
Sample_Comments	comments of any issue or additional information of sampling event	unitless	comment
Bleaching_Comments	comments of any issue or additional information of bleaching value	unitless	comment

Status message

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: Global Bleaching and Environmental Data