Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Supplemental Files
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

The CTD + 24 bottle sampling rosette was run using standard operating procedures. The bottles were fired on the up cast, 30 seconds after the unit was stopped.

The primary instrumentation for the cruise was the CTD rosette (the standard for the R/V Atlantic Explorer), Reeve net, and the MOCNESS equipped with the SIO electronics. Both the CTD and the CTD rosette operate a SeaBird 9, connected to the same 11 deck box. A tucker trawl (1 m) was also brought on board, but not used. The CTD/rosette was housed in the CTD garage and run from the D5 Winch off the Starboard side. It was on tracks and was pulled back into the CTD garage when conditions were too hot or sea state was poor; otherwise it was sampled directly off the deck. For more information on shipboard operations, refer to the AE1910 cruise report (PDF).

Data were processed with provided config file (1377_27APR2019_McGreal.xmlcon). CTD data were binned in intervals by pressure and the bottle files extracted using SBEDataProcessing software.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- added parameter names (using names from file header);
- converted to tsv files;
- aggregated data from separate casts into one dataset;
- added lat, lon, and date/time from file headers: NMEA Latitude, NMEA Longitude (converted to decimal degrees), NMEA UTC (Time) (re-formatted to ISO8601 format).

NSF Award Abstract:
The daily vertical migration (DMV) of zooplankton and fish across hundreds of meters between shallow and deep waters is a predominant pattern in pelagic ecosystems. This migration has consequences for biogeochemical cycling as it moves a substantial portion of fixed carbon and nitrogen (an estimated 15 to 40 % of the total global organic export) from the surface directly to depth where it feeds the midwater food chain and sequesters nutrients away from atmospheric mixing. Estimates and predictions of these fluxes are, however, poorly understood at present. New observations have shown that one source of uncertainty is due to the assumption that metabolic rates and processes do not vary over the course of the day, except based on changes in temperature and oxygen availability. Rates are, however, also driven by differences in feeding, swimming behavior, and underlying circadian cycles. The objective of this project is to improve the ability of scientists to understand and predict zooplankton contributions to the movement of carbon and nitrogen in the ocean by detailing daily changes in physiological processes of these organisms. By producing a set of respiration and excretion measurements over a daily time series, paired with simultaneously collected gene and protein expression patterns for an abundant vertically migratory species, the investigators will provide unprecedented and predictive insight into how changes in the environment affect the contribution of zooplankton to biogeochemical fluxes. The sampling design of the project will advance discovery and understanding by providing hands-on training opportunities to at least two undergraduate researchers. The project will broaden dissemination of the research via development of an educational module, focusing on rhythms in the ocean. The module will initially be piloted with the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) summer camp students and then disseminated through the BIOS Explorer program, the Teacher Resources Page on the BIOS website, and published in a peer-reviewed educational journal.

This project will characterize the metabolic consequences of daily physiological rhythms and DVM for a model zooplankton species, the abundant subtropical copepod Pleuromamma xiphias. Flux processes (oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, production of ammonium and fecal pellet production) will be interrogated using directed experiments testing the effects of temperature, feeding and circadian cycle. Circadian cycling will further be examined using transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. These experiments will be related to field samples taken at 6-h intervals over the course of the diel migration using an integrated suite of molecular and organismal metrics. Combined organismal, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles will provide an understanding of which metabolic pathways and associated flux products vary in relation to particular environmental variables (food, light cycle, temperature). Diel variation in metabolic rates will also be assessed across seasons and species using other important migratory groups (pteropod, euphausiid, and another copepod). The metabolic data will then be contextualized with abundance estimates from archived depth-stratified tows to allow scaling to community-level patterns and will be used to improve calculations of zooplankton contribution to particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and respiratory active flux. The results of this study will both improve our flux estimates and provide predictive insight into how various environmental variables influence the underlying physiological pathways generating carbon and nitrogen flux.

Cruise reports are available from the completed cruises:
SD031019
AE1910
AE1918