Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
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Buck, Clifton S. | Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (SkIO) | Principal Investigator |
Landing, William M. | Florida State University (FSU - EOAS) | Co-Principal Investigator |
Marsay, Christopher | Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (SkIO) | Scientist |
Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
A total of 11 48-hour integrated aerosol samples were collected during Leg 2 of the US GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect research cruise (GP15), which took place on the RV Revelle (cruise RR1815) during October-November 2018. The cruise track consisted of a southward transect across the Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and Tahiti.
Bulk aerosol samples for multiple trace element analyses were collected using one of five Tisch Environmental high-volume (~1 m³ air min⁻¹) aerosol samplers (model 5170V-BL). For each deployment, 12 replicate 47 mm diameter Whatman 41 filters were loaded on open-face filter holders (Advantec MFS) installed on the aerosol sampler on a PVC adaptor plate (Shelley et al., 2015). Filters were acid-washed before use to reduce trace element blanks, following the procedure described by Morton et al. (2013). The samplers were deployed on the forward rail of the ship's 03 deck approximately 16m above sea level, to minimize the influence of sea spray on samples. Samplers were controlled by wind speed and direction, through a Campbell Scientific CR800 data-logger interfaced with an anemometer and wind vane set up in close proximity to the samplers, in order to eliminate contamination from the ship's stack exhaust. This setup was used to restrict sampling to periods when relative wind speed and direction were >0.5 m s⁻¹ and from within ±60° of the bow of the ship, respectively, for at least five continuous minutes.
Data Processing:
Data have been corrected for field and analytical blank. Reported soluble aerosol trace element concentrations values have been normalized to the volume of air filtered during sample collection. Each sample collection period produced 36 replicate filters. Three of those filters were leached with ultrapure deionized water (DI water) to produce three measurements of soluble aerosol concentration. Data from the three replicates were averaged and reported along with the standard deviation. Outliers and replicate samples that were below the field blank value were not included in the mean. Data are marked as described in the datasheet.
Quality Flags:
Quality flags have been applied with the following definitions:
0 = No quality control;
1 = Good value;
2 = Probably good value;
3 = Probably bad value;
4 = Bad value;
5 = Value changed;
6 = Value Below Detection;
7 = Value in excess;
8 = Interpolated value;
9 = Missing value.
Detection Limits:
Method detection limit was calculated from 3*STDEV of the measured filter blank. Reported detection limits were not normalized by air volume and sample data were evaluated relative to the method detection limit prior to the normalization step in data processing. Data below the detection limit are flagged with code 6 and no value reported ("nd"). Detection limits are reported in the attached Supplemental File (PDF).
Concentration Averages:
Data values are averages of 3 separate filter leaches, except when values were excluded because:
(a) a value was determined to be an outlier by the Grubbs Test;
(b) a value was below the method detection limit.
BCO-DMO Processing:
- renamed fields;
- added date/time fields in ISO8601 format and removed original day, month, year, and time columns.
File |
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Aerosols_DI_water_sol_Leg2.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 3.62 KB) MD5:6af1430c5c3283ba1e4e09a9debb6def Primary data file for dataset ID 835441 |
File |
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DI Water Soluble Aerosols PMT Leg2 Detection Limits filename: DI_Water_Soluble_Aerosols_PMT_Leg2_Detection_Limits.pdf (Portable Document Format (.pdf), 382.94 KB) MD5:4fc6ba52812e90f12e4a3b2758775fa9 Table of detection limits for each element reported in Clifton Buck's DI Water Soluble Aerosol data from Leg 2 of the GEOTRACES PMT cruise. |
Parameter | Description | Units |
Cruise_id | Cruise identifier | unitless |
GEOTRC_EVENTNO | Event number | unitless |
GEOTRC_SAMPNO | GEOTRACES sample number | unitless |
Julian_Day | Sampling start Julian day | unitless |
Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date and time (UTC) at start of sample collection; formatted to ISO8601 standard: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ | unitless |
Start_Lat | Latitude at start of sample collection | degrees North |
Start_Long | Longitude at start of sample collection | degrees East |
End_ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date and time (UTC) at end of sample collection; formatted to ISO8601 standard: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ | unitless |
End_Lat | Latitude at end of sample collection | degrees North |
End_Long | Longitude at end of sample collection | degrees East |
Air_Vol_Total | Total volume of air sampled per filter | cubic meters (m^3) |
Al_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ije7ps | Deionized water soluble aerosol Al concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Al_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ije7ps | One standard deviation of Al_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ije7ps | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Al_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ije7ps | Quality flag for Al_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ije7ps | unitless |
Cd_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ojqmi0 | Deionized water soluble aerosol Cd concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Cd_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ojqmi0 | One standard deviation of Cd_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ojqmi0 | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Cd_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ojqmi0 | Quality flag for Cd_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ojqmi0 | unitless |
Co_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_hviloy | Deionized water soluble aerosol Co concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Co_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_hviloy | One standard deviation of Co_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_hviloy | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Co_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_hviloy | Quality flag for Co_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_hviloy | unitless |
Cu_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ftwbtz | Deionized water soluble aerosol Cu concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Cu_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ftwbtz | One standard deviation of Cu_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ftwbtz | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Cu_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ftwbtz | Quality flag for Cu_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_ftwbtz | unitless |
Fe_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_d1pjw0 | Deionized water soluble aerosol Fe concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Fe_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_d1pjw0 | One standard deviation of Fe_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_d1pjw0 | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Fe_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_d1pjw0 | Quality flag for Fe_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_d1pjw0 | unitless |
Mn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_aqnlq7 | Deionized water soluble aerosol Mn concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Mn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_aqnlq7 | One standard deviation of Mn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_aqnlq7 | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Mn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_aqnlq7 | Quality flag for Mn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_aqnlq7 | unitless |
Ni_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_7xrsrc | Deionized water soluble aerosol Ni concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Ni_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_7xrsrc | One standard deviation of Ni_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_7xrsrc | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Ni_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_7xrsrc | Quality flag for Ni_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_7xrsrc | unitless |
Pb_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_pk41dl | Deionized water soluble aerosol Pb concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Pb_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_pk41dl | One standard deviation of Pb_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_pk41dl | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Pb_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_pk41dl | Quality flag for Pb_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_pk41dl | unitless |
V_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_yy0q5a | Deionized water soluble aerosol V concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_V_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_yy0q5a | One standard deviation of V_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_yy0q5a | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_V_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_yy0q5a | Quality flag for V_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_yy0q5a | unitless |
Zn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_bmgssk | Deionized water soluble aerosol Zn concentration, average | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
SD1_Zn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_bmgssk | One standard deviation of Zn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_bmgssk | picomoles per cubic meter (pmol/m^3) |
Flag_Zn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_bmgssk | Quality flag for Zn_A_SMLH2O_CONC_HIVOL_bmgssk | unitless |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Tisch Environmental high-volume (~1 m3 air min-1) aerosol samplers (model 5170V-BL) |
Generic Instrument Name | Aerosol Sampler |
Generic Instrument Description | A device that collects a sample of aerosol (dry particles or liquid droplets) from the atmosphere. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | anemometer |
Generic Instrument Name | Anemometer |
Generic Instrument Description | An anemometer is a device for measuring the velocity or the pressure of the wind. It is commonly used to measure wind speed. Aboard research vessels, it is often mounted with other meteorological instruments and sensors. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Campbell Scientific CR800 data-logger |
Generic Instrument Name | Data Logger |
Generic Instrument Description | Electronic devices that record data over time or in relation to location either with a built-in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Perkin Elmer Nexion 300D ICP-Mass Spectrometer |
Generic Instrument Name | Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer |
Generic Instrument Description | An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. |
Website | |
Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
Report | |
Start Date | 2018-10-24 |
End Date | 2018-11-24 |
Description | Additional cruise information is available from the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/RR1815 |
A 60-day research cruise took place in 2018 along a transect form Alaska to Tahiti at 152° W. A description of the project titled "Collaborative Research: Management and implementation of the US GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect", funded by NSF, is below. Further project information is available on the US GEOTRACES website and on the cruise blog. A detailed cruise report is also available as a PDF.
Description from NSF award abstract:
GEOTRACES is a global effort in the field of Chemical Oceanography in which the United States plays a major role. The goal of the GEOTRACES program is to understand the distributions of many elements and their isotopes in the ocean. Until quite recently, these elements could not be measured at a global scale. Understanding the distributions of these elements and isotopes will increase the understanding of processes that shape their distributions and also the processes that depend on these elements. For example, many "trace elements" (elements that are present in very low amounts) are also important for life, and their presence or absence can play a vital role in the population of marine ecosystems. This project will launch the next major U.S. GEOTRACES expedition in the Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Tahiti. The award made here would support all of the major infrastructure for this expedition, including the research vessel, the sampling equipment, and some of the core oceanographic measurements. This project will also support the personnel needed to lead the expedition and collect the samples.
This project would support the essential sampling operations and infrastructure for the U.S. GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect along 152° W to support a large variety of individual science projects on trace element and isotope (TEI) biogeochemistry that will follow. Thus, the major objectives of this management proposal are: (1) plan and coordinate a 60 day research cruise in 2018; (2) obtain representative samples for a wide variety of TEIs using a conventional CTD/rosette, GEOTRACES Trace Element Sampling Systems, and in situ pumps; (3) acquire conventional CTD hydrographic data along with discrete samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen, algal pigments, and dissolved nutrients at micro- and nanomolar levels; (4) ensure that proper QA/QC protocols are followed and reported, as well as fulfilling all GEOTRACES intercalibration protocols; (5) prepare and deliver all hydrographic data to the GEOTRACES Data Assembly Centre (via the US BCO-DMO data center); and (6) coordinate all cruise communications between investigators, including preparation of a hydrographic report/publication. This project would also provide baseline measurements of TEIs in the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (~7.5°N-17°N, ~155°W-115°W) where large-scale deep sea mining is planned. Environmental impact assessments are underway in partnership with the mining industry, but the effect of mining activities on TEIs in the water column is one that could be uniquely assessed by the GEOTRACES community. In support of efforts to communicate the science to a wide audience the investigators will recruit an early career freelance science journalist with interests in marine science and oceanography to participate on the cruise and do public outreach, photography and/or videography, and social media from the ship, as well as to submit articles about the research to national media. The project would also support several graduate students.
NSF Award Abstract:
The goal of the international GEOTRACES program is to understand the distributions of trace chemical elements and their isotopes in the oceans. An essential part of this effort is determining the sources of trace elements to the oceans, one of which is from the atmosphere: dust falling from the air, and rain, both deliver elements to the sea surface. This project would collect and analyze samples of rainwater and of particles from the atmosphere, along a U.S. GEOTRACES expedition from Alaska to Tahiti in the fall of 2018. The timing of the expedition corresponds to the part of the year with the highest atmospheric dust concentrations in the Gulf of Alaska and may also capture the tail end of peak fire season in Asia. In contrast, the southern end of the proposed ship track is known to have very low atmospheric dust. Aerosols will be influenced by human activity in Asia as well. The anticipated differences in atmospheric deposition along the ship track will allow the assessment of the role of this process on trace element and isotope cycling. The project will support a postdoctoral investigator. The relevance of ocean-atmosphere studies to the public will be communicated at campus open house events and in online forums in collaboration with the GEOTRACES management team.
In alignment with the mission of GEOTRACES, the proposed research will address the following biogeochemical and oceanographic questions: 1) What is the magnitude of atmospheric aerosol deposition (wet and dry) to the surface of the Pacific Ocean? 2) What is the chemical composition of these aerosols and how does composition vary based on source (e.g. Alaskan glacial flour, Asian mineral dust, emissions from biomass burning, anthropogenic emissions)? 3) What is the fractional solubility of trace elements in Pacific aerosols and does solubility vary based on aerosol source? 4) What is the potential bioavailability of soluble aerosol Fe? 5) How is the soluble fraction of aerosol trace elements distributed across operationally defined size classes? 6) How does atmospheric deposition impact distributions of other GEOTRACES parameters? Atmospheric aerosol and precipitation samples will be collected over the 70-day expedition and the investigators will provide sub-samples to collaborators and other interested scientists. These samples will be analyzed for a suite of key trace elements from bulk and size-fractionated aerosol samples, aerosol leachates, and rain samples. A sequential extraction scheme designed to solubilize aerosol Fe as a function of its FeOx morphology and particle size will be used on selected samples because an understanding of aerosol trace element fractional solubility is fundamental to future work to assess the bioavailability of aerosol derived trace elements. The proposed work will provide data that directly contribute to the GEOTRACES objectives related to atmospheric deposition and will help to address temporal variability as this cruise section follows the CLIVAR/Repeat Hydrography P16N line.
This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
Funding Source | Award |
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NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) | |
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |