Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Supplemental Files
• Related Publications
• Related Datasets
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

This dataset is part of a larger study of Acropora cervicornis (staghorn) corals studied at Mote Marine Lab’s Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration.  The different analyses are listed here, and links to other data from this study can be found in the Related Datasets section below.  

Analyses undertaken include:

1. Total Population (this dataset of Colony size)
2. Morphometric Assessment (this dataset of Colony size)
3. Primary Fecundity Analysis (this dataset's population subset, plus Polyps dataset)
4. Dissections (Oocyte number dataset, Oocyte size dataset)
5. Secondary Fecundity Analysis (Gamete bundle dataset)

See Related Datasets section below for links to above mentioned datasets.

Sampling of Acropora cervicornis coral genotypes took place at Mote Marine Lab's spawning nurseries at Sand Key (24.45782, -81.88595) and Looe Key (24.56257, -81.40009).  Ten replicate adult colonies from 12 genets were assessed for colony size and fecundity.  

Colony Size (this dataset) sampling details:
Total Population
12 genets with 10 replicate adult colonies each (N=120 colonies), Sand Key location.
White-band disease resistant genets: 3, 7; White-band disease susceptible genets: 1, 13, 31, 34, 41, 44, 47, 50, 62, 63, according to Muller et al. 2018 eLife (see Disease Susceptibility table below in Supplemental Files).

Genets 62 and 63 were later determined to be clonal so data were combined for analysis. 

Morphometric Assessment
On July 2, 2020, the dimensions of length, width, and height (L x W x H) in centimeters were measured.  Health condition was assessed and recorded for all 120 colonies, with the following rankings: 
     1 = completely healthy
     2 = partial mortality
     3 = not expected to survive
     4 = dead or missing. 

The size of colonies was calculated using the volume formula for an ellipsoid where EV=4/3*pi*L*W*H (Kiel thesis, 2012)
The corrected volume was calculated using a modified formula based on Kiel et al. (2012) where EV= 4/3*pi*L/2*H/2*W/2.   

Population Subset:
A subset of 5 colonies from each genet that were healthy (condition ‘1’) and similar in size were selected to be sampled (on July 3, 2020) for the Primary Fecundity analysis.  Sampled colonies have a date of sampling listed.  Those without dates were not sampled.

Problem report: 
Genet 31: In the time between when the parental colonies were morphometrically assessed/sampled in the Sand Key nursery for the primary fecundity analysis and brought into the lab for spawning/sampled for the secondary fecundity analysis, the entire tree for genet 31 snapped off from its anchor and went missing. As such, 5 colonies of genet 31 were brought in from a different spawning nursery and location (Looe Key Nursery: 24.56257, -81.40009). Thus, the fecundity data obtained from the fragments and gamete bundles come from different subpopulations (fragments from Sand Key and gamete bundles from Looe Key).

=========================================================================

Additional sampling details (Related datasets)
(Please refer to the Related Datasets section below for links to datasets related to Sampling for Primary Fecundity Analyses, Dissections, and Sampling for Secondary Fecundity Analyses.  The Sampling details are listed below, but please see the individual dataset pages for additional information):   

Sampling for Primary Fecundity Analysis: On July 3, 2020, from 5 colonies of every genet, 3 linear branches (~10 cm in length) were sampled using bone cutters from the central portion of each colony (N=180 branches). Using a ruler, the number of polyps per one square centimeter was recorded from every branch near the base of the fragment (Polyps per Area dataset, https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868308). The top ~2 cm (sterile zone) of every branch was removed before placing into a 50 mL falcon tube with 10% formalin to fix tissues. After 2 days, the formalin solutions were replaced with a 5% HCl solution, with every branch and tube triple rinsed with DI water in between to remove excess formalin. After 3 days, the 5% HCl solution in every tube was replaced with 10% HCl and subsequently refreshed every 2-3 days until branches were completely decalcified. Once decalcified, samples were triple rinsed in DI water and returned to their tubes with 70% EtOH for storage until dissection.

Dissections: Under a dissecting microscope, every coral fragment was dissected using a scalpel and forceps to haphazardly select 5 polyps per fragment (N = 900 polyps) to count the total number of oocytes within each polyp (Oocyte Number dataset, https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867314).  From those, 5 oocytes were randomly selected to measure their size under a compound microscope using an ocular micrometer to record the maximum diameter (length, d1) and its perpendicular diameter (width, d2). The volume of oocytes was calculated using the formula for a prolate ellipsoid: V= (4/3)*pi*((d1)/2)*((d2)/2)^2.  Oocytes were measured using a 10x ocular micrometer and 4x objective (total 40x) and a calibration factor was applied using the formula:  V=(4/3)*pi*((d1/2)*250)*((d2/2)*250)^2 and converted to the units of cubed millimeters (mm3) for final values.  (see Oocyte Size Dataset, https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843067and Oocyte Number dataset, https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867314).

Sampling for Secondary Fecundity Analysis: As a secondary assessment of fecundity, 5 replicate colonies of every genet were brought back to the lab on July 31, 2020 for spawning and ex situ assisted sexual reproduction. From every genet that spawned during August 4-10, 2020 (all of them), 40 random gamete bundles were collected during spawning using a transfer pipet and 50 mL falcon tube. Each bundle was immediately placed into a 2 mL glass vial with 10% formalin for fixation and inverted several times to break up the bundle in each vial. Then, the total number of oocytes and sperm per bundle were counted. Eggs were counted by eye by 2 independent observers. Replicate sperm counts were recorded using a hemocytometer.  (Gamete Bundle Dataset, https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868493)

Data were compiled into Excel (Microsoft Office) and analyzed using R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10) -- "Bunny-Wunnies Freak Out". Nonparametric statistical and correlation analyses were conducted.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- separated Latitude and Longitude into separate columns
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
 

NSF Award Abstract:
Caribbean staghorn coral was one of the most common corals within reefs of the Florida Keys several decades ago. Over the last 40 years disease, bleaching, overfishing and habitat degradation caused a 95% reduction of the population. Staghorn coral is now listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. Within the past few years, millions of dollars have been invested for the purpose of restoring the population of staghorn coral within Florida and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Significant effort has been placed on maintaining and propagating corals of known genotypes within coral nurseries for the purpose of outplanting. However, little is known about the individual genotypes that are currently being outplanted from nurseries onto coral reefs. Are the genotypes being used for outplanting resilient enough to survive the three major stressors affecting the population in the Florida Keys: disease, high water temperatures, and ocean acidification? The research within the present study will be the first step in answering this critically important question. The funded project will additionally develop a research-based afterschool program with K-12 students in the Florida Keys and U.S. Virgin Islands that emphasizes an inquiry-based curriculum, STEM research activities, and peer-to-peer mentoring. The information from the present study will help scientists predict the likelihood of species persistence within the lower Florida Keys under future climate-change and ocean-acidification scenarios. Results of this research will also help guide restoration efforts throughout Florida and the Caribbean, and lead to more informative, science-based restoration activities.

Acropora cervicornis dominated shallow-water reefs within the Florida Keys for at least the last half a million years, but the population has recently declined due to multiple stressors. Understanding the current population level of resilience to three major threats - disease outbreaks, high water temperatures, and ocean acidification conditions - is critical for the preservation of this threatened species. Results from the present study will answer the primary research question: will representative genotypes from the lower Florida Keys provide enough phenotypic variation for this threatened species to survive in the future? The present proposal will couple controlled laboratory challenge experiments with field data and modeling applications, and collaborate with local educators to fulfill five objectives: 1) identify A. cervicornis genotypes resistant to disease, 2) identify A. cervicornis genotypes resilient to high water temperature and ocean acidification conditions, 3) quantify how high water temperature and ocean acidification conditions impact disease dynamics on A. cervicornis; 4) determine tradeoffs in life-history traits because of resilience factors; and 5) apply a trait-based model, which will predict genotypic structure of a population under different environmental scenarios.