Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
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Ward, Bess B. | Princeton University | Principal Investigator |
Casciotti, Karen L. | Stanford University | Co-Principal Investigator |
Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
CTD casts were conducted on R/V Sally Ride cruise, SR1805. Two different rostte/CTD systems for were used for the casts. Casts CTD2, -24-26, -62-69 and -103-108 were done with a 24-place rosette with 10L Niskins. All the other casts were done with a 12-place rosette and 30-L Niskins. Both rosettes deployed a Sea-Bird SBE 9 CTD.
Known Problems/Issues:
For casts CTD29, -62, -62.b, -65, -68, -107, the date and time data were wrong. The CTD automatically reset to January 01 2000 and we did not catch this every time. These incorrect dates and times have been replaced with 'nd' (no data) in this dataset. The elapsed times are correct, and the true date, an approximate time of each cast, can be found in the overall event file for this cruise (see Supplemental Files).
CTD data were processed with Seasave V7.26.7.107.
BCO-DMO Processing:
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- replaced incorrect dates and times with "nd" (no data);
- changed date format to YYYY-MM-DD;
- created ISO8601 date/time field (UTC).
File |
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SR1805_bottle.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 289.66 KB) MD5:17068ba0bfa90cc538e3a856138b747c Primary data file for dataset ID 854091 |
File |
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SR1805_EventLog filename: ETNP_2018_EventLog.xls (Octet Stream, 60.00 KB) MD5:85b1168151387e2d17397dde6b6e9b0a Cruise event log from R/V Sally Ride cruise SR1805 (ETNP 2018). |
Parameter | Description | Units |
Station | Station designation | unitless |
Cast | Cast number | unitless |
Bottle | Niskin bottle number | unitless |
Date | Date; format: YYYY-MM-DD | unitless |
Time | Time UTC; format: hh:mm:ss | unitless |
ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date and time (UTC) in ISO8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ | unitless |
TimeS | Time marker for cast events (time elapsed) | seconds |
TimeS_sdev | standard deviation of TimeS | seconds |
Latitude | Latitude, N is positive | decimal degrees North |
Latitude_sdev | standard deviation of Latitude | decimal degrees North |
Longitude | Longitude, E is positive | decimal degrees East |
Longitude_sdev | standard deviation of Longitude | decimal degrees East |
PrDM | pressure | meters (m) |
PrDM_sdev | standard deviation of PrDM | meters (m) |
DepSM | depth | meters (m) |
DepSM_sdev | standard deviation of DepSM | meters (m) |
Sigma_E00 | sigma theta | kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) |
Sigma_E00_sdev | standard deviation of Sigma_E00 | kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) |
Sal00 | salinity | PSU |
Sal00_sdev | standard deviation of Sal00 | PSU |
T090C | temperature | degrees Celsius |
T090C_sdev | standard deviation of T090C | degrees Celsius |
CStarAt0 | beam attenuation | reciprocal meters (1/m) |
CStarAt0_sdev | standard deviation of CStarAt0 | reciprocal meters (1/m) |
FlSP | fluorescence | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) |
FlSP_sdev | standard deviation of FISP | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) |
Par | phytosynthetically active radiation | micromoles photons per square meter per second (umol photons/m2/sec) |
Par_sdev | standard deviation of Par | micromoles photons per square meter per second (umol photons/m2/sec) |
Sbeox0MmL | dissolved oxygen | micromoles per liter (umol/L) |
Sbeox0MmL_sdev | standard deviation of Sbeox0MmL | micromoles per liter (umol/L) |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Sea-Bird SBE 9 CTD |
Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird 9 |
Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 9 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 9 is the Underwater Unit and is most often combined with the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) when deployed from a research vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorometer, altimeter, etc.). Note that in most cases, it is more accurate to specify SBE 911 than SBE 9 since it is likely a SBE 11 deck unit was used. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | 10L Niskins and 30L Niskins |
Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
Website | |
Platform | R/V Sally Ride |
Start Date | 2018-03-13 |
End Date | 2018-04-16 |
Description | See additional cruise information from the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/SR1805
Cruise DOI: 10.7284/908014 |
NSF Award Abstract:
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is present at very low concentrations in the atmosphere but is an important greenhouse gas and ozone destroying substance. As with other climate-active gases like methane and carbon dioxide, human activities are responsible for most of its production, either directly through fossil fuel burning or agricultural activities. However, about a third of natural N2O emissions come from the ocean, but even these emissions can be indirectly affected by human activities. About half of the ocean source is derived from three specific geographic regions in the Pacific Ocean and Arabian Sea. These three oceanic regions are places where oxygen concentrations are so low in the intermediate depths that metabolic processes requiring the absence of oxygen are able to occur. These regions are called Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) and they have microbiological processes that occur nowhere else in global ocean waters. In the work proposed here, we will investigate how the microbiological pathways of N2O production and consumption are regulated by environmental conditions such as oxygen and nutrient concentration. This work will involve a research expedition to one of the OMZs, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico. On the cruise, we will perform experiments and collect samples for analysis in our home laboratories at Princeton and Stanford Universities. Advising of graduate students and teaching at the graduate and undergraduate levels at both institutions will be linked to this research. This work is particularly timely because global warming has already indirectly affected the size and geographic extent of the OMZs. Greater expanse of low oxygen water could cause N2O production to increase, leading to increased fluxes of N2O to the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, the role of N2O in ozone destruction and as a greenhouse gas could be critical elements of global change.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and ozone destroying substance. About a third of natural N2O emissions come from the ocean, and about half of the ocean source is derived from waters with oxygen deficient intermediate waters (oxygen minimum zones, OMZs). Nitrification is recognized as the main source of N2O in the ocean, but denitrification also likely contributes to the net source in and around OMZs. Because nitrification and denitrification are performed by microbes with very different metabolisms and environmental controls, their contributions to N2O production are expected to differ in response to changes in oxygenation and nutrient inputs. Thus it is important to understand the regulation of N2O production by both processes. The main goal of this project is to quantify the environmental regulation of N2O production and consumption pathways in and around OMZs in order to obtain predictive understanding of N2O distributions and fluxes in the ocean. To do this, production and consumption of N2O will be measured using stable isotope tracer incubations at stations located within and outside one of the major OMZs in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific ocean. The dependence of the rate processes on substrate, product, and oxygen concentrations will be determined, and the composition of the microbial assemblages will be assessed to determine whether different microbial components are involved under different environmental conditions. Natural abundance stable isotope and isotopomer measurements of N2O will be interpreted in concert with measured rates to deduce the sources and pathways (nitrification, nitrifier-denitrification, denitrification, and ?hybrid? formation) involved in N2O production and consumption. This work will also involve a novel application of isotopomer measurements of N2O from incubations to identify the placement of 15N from NH4+ and NO2- within labeled N2O pools.
OMZ regions are the sites of unique nitrogen cycling processes that are critical in determining the fixed nitrogen inventory of the ocean. If OMZs expand as predicted due to anthropogenic changes in the coming decades, changes in these chemical distributions may affect the atmospheric flux of nitrous oxide as well as modify overall ocean productivity via changes in the fixed nitrogen inventory. Understanding the regulation and environmental control of the processes responsible for N2O production and consumption is the foundation of understanding their response to global change.
Funding Source | Award |
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NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |