Dataset: Ross Sea Productivity

Name: Compilation of primary productivity measurements collected from 1983-2006 from the Ross Sea
Published: 2021-12-01
Keywords: Ross Sea, primary productivity, chlorophyll, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.863815.2

Spatial Extent: N:-72.462 E:-165 S:-78.25 W:168

Temporal Extent: 1983-01-26 - 2006-12-03

Project:

Ross Productivity (Ross Productivity)

Program:

U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (U.S. JGOFS)

Principal Investigator:

Walker O. Smith (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, VIMS)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2021-12-01

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final with updates expected

Compilation of primary productivity measurements collected from 1983-2006 from the Ross Sea

Abstract:

This dataset is a compilation of primary productivity measurements from a total of 449 stations in the Ross Sea. Data were collected on multiple cruises conducted from 1983 to 2006 on USCGC Glacier, RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, R/V Polar Duke, USCGC Polar Star, and USCGC Polar Sea. These data were published in a variety of papers, including Wilson et al. (1986), Smith et al. (1999, 2000, 2013), and Nelson and Smith (1991). Many of the productivity data are available within individual data reports available on BCO-DMO (e.g., AESOPS, CORSACS), but others were collected prior to the initiation of a centralized data center and hence are not available except in this dataset. Integrated station data are provided in the attached Supplemental File titled "Integrated Water Column Station Data" (.csv file). See the "Supplemental Files" section of the BCO-DMO dataset landing page for more information on the integrated station data.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier	Date Assigned
2021-12-01	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.863815.2	2021-12-02
2021-10-25	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.863815.1	2021-10-25

Methods & Sampling

Methodology:
The methods used in all were based on simulated in situ incubations and productivity measured by uptake of radiocarbon. Methodology for all is largely the same, with some slight variations in the irradiance levels for incubation. Incubations lasted for 24 h and 7 depths per station were measured. A total of 449 stations are compiled that were sampled from 1983 to 2006. Details of the methodology are described in Smith et al. (2000). Any inconsistencies found within the 449 stations should be reported to the PI for correction. Additional details on data compilation are in the attached README file (PDF).

Sampling and Analytical Procedures:
Samples were obtained from CTD casts with attached Niskins on the rosette. Irradiance was determined largely using an in situ PAR sensor, but earlier cruises also used a Secchi disk. Samples had ca. 100 µCi ¹⁴C-bicarbonate added and placed in on-deck incubators flushed with flowing seawater. Most incubations lasted 24 h after which samples were filtered onto 25 mm GFF filters, rinsed with 5 mL 0.01N HCL in filtered seawater, placed in scintillation vials, and had ca. 7 mL scintillation cocktail added. Total activity added to each bottle was assessed by counting an unfiltered sample (100 µL) directly in LS cocktail. All samples were counted using a liquid scintillation counter after 24 h in darkness, and DPMs converted to absolute carbon units using known equations (Smith et al., 1977).

Chlorophyll was determined fluorometrically using standard JGOFS procedures. Samples were collected from known depths into amber polycarbonate bottles, known volumes filtered through 25 mm GFF filters under low vacuum, extracted for 24 h in 90% acetone in dark, cold conditions, and the fluorescence read before and after acidification.

Mixed layers were determined from the vertical profiles of density (sigma-t) determined from CTD profiles. A change of 0.01 kg m⁻³ from a stable surface layer reading was defined as the base of the mixed layer (Smith et al., 2013).

Integrated primary productivity and chlorophyll concentrations were determined using trapezoidal integrations through the 0.1 and 1.0% isolumes, respectively. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected using a BioSpherical Sensor Model QSP-240 placed as close to the incubators as possible. All data were integrated from 1-minute values over the period of incubation. The integrated data by station are provided in the attached Supplemental File "Integrated Water Column Station Data" (.csv file).

Data Processing Description

Data Processing:
No specific data processing procedures were used in the generation of the productivity rates; all are simply compiled and analyzed on routine numerical packages.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- replaced "---" and "-999" with "nd" ("no data");
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- changed date format to YYYY-MM-DD;
- replaced `66.`05 with 166.105 in the Longitude column;
- removed spaces from "NBP" cruise IDs for naming consistency;
- 2021-12-01: updated the Integrated Station Data and README Supplemental Files. The v2 Integrated Station Data includes a column for Integrated_PAR, which was not in the previous version.

Data Files

File
Ross_Sea_Productivity.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 304.80 KB) MD5:8d459a30a953f57251042888b1bcd64e Primary data file for dataset ID 863815

Supplemental Files

File

Integrated Water Column Station Data (v2)
filename: integrated_water_column_station_data_v2.csv

(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 63.51 KB)
MD5:78366887f686e3c884fde65ec680e7be

This csv file contains primary productivity and chlorophyll concentrations integrated by station; determined using trapezoidal integrations through the 0.1 and 1.0% isolumes, respectively.

Data column names, descriptions, and units:

Cruise = name of the cruise, generally with the year (unitless);

Station_Number = station number within cruise (unitless);

Cast_Event_Number = cast or event number, if used (unitless);

Latitude = sample latitude; negative values indicate south (decimal degrees);

Longitude = sampling longitude; negative values indicate west (decimal degrees);

Date = date of collection in format YYYY-MM-DD (dates are provided in the local (New Zealand) time zone; NZ is 13 h ahead of UTC) (unitless);

Mixed_Layer_Depth = depth of mixed later (meters);

Integrated_Primary_Productivity = integrated euphotic zone primary productivity (mg C m-2 d-1);

Integrated_Chlorophyll = integrated euphotic zone chlorophyll (mg Chl m-2);

Integrated PAR = integrated photosynthetically active radiation near the incubator (mol photons m-2 d-1)

Dominant_Mixed_Layer_Phytoplankton = Name of dominant species, determined by either HPLC analyses, degree of Si(OH)4 removal, or microscopic examination(unitless);

Reference = data source (unitless).

Updated on 2021-12-01.

Ross Sea Productivity Data Compilation README (v2)
filename: Ross_Sea_Productivity_README_v2.pdf

(Portable Document Format (.pdf), 117.27 KB)
MD5:f0bffac7e9636f3c80f8042ea9c4e8a0

Details on data compilation for the Ross Sea Productivity dataset (PI: Walker Smith). Updated on 2021-12-01.

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR)	OPP-0338157

Deployments

Deployment	Synonyms	Start Date	Platform	Investigator
Glacier 1983 - Leg I and Leg II	Deep Freeze 83	1983-01-12	USCGC Glacier	Stanley Jacobs (Chief Scientist) Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP-94-06	Ross_Sea NBP9406 NBP94_6	1994-11-03	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP-96-04A	NBP9604A NBP96_4A	1996-10-02	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP-97-01	NBP9701 NBP97_1	1997-01-13	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	John F. Marra (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP-97-03	NBP9703 NBP97_3	1997-04-04	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Hugh W. Ducklow (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP-97-08	NBP9708 NBP97_8	1997-11-05	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP0305A	IVARS Year 3	2003-12-18	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP0501	IVARS Year 5	2005-01-28	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP0601	CORSACS I	2005-12-17	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Giacomo DiTullio (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP0608	CORSACS II	2006-11-01	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	Giacomo DiTullio (Chief Scientist)	data info
NBP9508	Ross Sea MIZ	1995-12-11	RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer	David L. Garrison (Chief Scientist)	data info
Polar Duke 1990		1989-12-15	R/V Polar Duke	David M. Nelson (Chief Scientist)	data info
Polar Duke 1992		1992-01-19	R/V Polar Duke	Dave J. DeMaster (Chief Scientist)	data info
Polar Sea 2001 - Leg 1 and Leg 2	IVARS Year 1	2001-12-03	USCGC Polar Sea	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
Polar Sea 2002	IVARS Year 2	2002-11-04	USCGC Polar Sea	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
Polar Sea 2003-2004	IVARS Year 3	2003-11-17	USCGC Polar Sea	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info
Polar Star 2004	IVARS Year 4	2004-11-04	USCGC Polar Star	Walker O. Smith (Chief Scientist)	data info

Instruments

CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus

Supplied Name: SeaBird 911+

Supplied Description:

All CTDs were SeaBird 911+ systems that had their sensors calibrated before each cruise.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus

Acronym: CTD SBE 911plus

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/

Generic Description:

The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics

Liquid Scintillation Counter

Supplied Name: various

Supplied Description:

Various LSCs were used, depending on the unit on each ship, but all samples were processed at sea.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Liquid Scintillation Counter

Acronym: LSC

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/

Generic Description:

Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used the quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Name: Niskin bottles

Supplied Description:

Niskin bottles were largely fitted with Teflon closing springs in cruises after 1996.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Photosynthetically Available Radiation Sensor

Supplied Name: in situ PAR sensor

Supplied Description:

Irradiance was determined largely using an in situ PAR sensor, but earlier cruises also used a secchi disk.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Photosynthetically Available Radiation Sensor

Acronym: PAR sensor

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/122/

Generic Description:

A PAR sensor measures photosynthetically available (or active) radiation. The sensor measures photon flux density (photons per second per square meter) within the visible wavelength range (typically 400 to 700 nanometers). PAR gives an indication of the total energy available to plants for photosynthesis. This instrument name is used when specific type, make and model are not known.

Photosynthetically Available Radiation Sensor

Supplied Name: BioSpherical Sensor Model QSP-240

Supplied Description:

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected using a BioSpherical Sensor Model QSP-240 placed as close to the incubators as possible.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Photosynthetically Available Radiation Sensor

Acronym: PAR sensor

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/122/

Generic Description:

Secchi Disc

Supplied Name: Secchi disk

Supplied Description:

Irradiance was determined largely using an in situ PAR sensor, but earlier cruises also used a Secchi disk.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Secchi Disc

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0430/

Generic Description:

Typically, a 16 inch diameter white/black quadrant disc used to measure water optical clarity

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Cruise	name of the cruise, generally with the year	unitless	cruise_id
Station_Number	station number within cruise	unitless	station
Cast_Event_Number	cast or event number, if used	unitless	cast
Latitude	sampling latitude; negative values indicate south	unitless	lat
Longitude	sampling longitude; negative values indicate west	unitless	lon
Date	date of collection in format YYYY-MM-DD; dates are provided in the local (New Zealand) time zone; NZ is 13 h ahead of UTC Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
Month	month of collection	unitless	month
Julian_Date	Julian day of collection	daus	julian_day
Julian_Date_Consecutive	Consecutive Julian date is calculated by adding January day to 365 through the end of the sampling season	days	date
Biweek	portion of month: 1 or 2 (1 = day 1-15; 2 = 16-end of month)	unitless	time_point
Incubation_Length	length of incubation rounded to the nearest hour	hours	time_inc
Depth	depth of sample collection	meters (m)	depth
Irradiance	isolume of depth sampled as percent surface irradiance	unitless (percent)	irradiance
Primary_Productivity	14C-uptake	milligrams C per cubic meter per hour (mg C m-3 h-1)	PP
Chlorophyll	Chlorophyll concentration	milligrams per cubic meter (mg m-3)	chl_a_fluor
Assimilation_Number	14C-uptake/chlorophyll	milligrams C per milligram chl per hour (mg C (mg chl)-1 h-1)	14C

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Dataset: Ross Sea Productivity