Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
---|---|---|
Smith, Walker O. | Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) | Principal Investigator |
Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Methodology:
The methods used in all were based on simulated in situ incubations and productivity measured by uptake of radiocarbon. Methodology for all is largely the same, with some slight variations in the irradiance levels for incubation. Incubations lasted for 24 h and 7 depths per station were measured. A total of 449 stations are compiled that were sampled from 1983 to 2006. Details of the methodology are described in Smith et al. (2000). Any inconsistencies found within the 449 stations should be reported to the PI for correction. Additional details on data compilation are in the attached README file (PDF).
Sampling and Analytical Procedures:
Samples were obtained from CTD casts with attached Niskins on the rosette. Irradiance was determined largely using an in situ PAR sensor, but earlier cruises also used a Secchi disk. Samples had ca. 100 µCi ¹⁴C-bicarbonate added and placed in on-deck incubators flushed with flowing seawater. Most incubations lasted 24 h after which samples were filtered onto 25 mm GFF filters, rinsed with 5 mL 0.01N HCL in filtered seawater, placed in scintillation vials, and had ca. 7 mL scintillation cocktail added. Total activity added to each bottle was assessed by counting an unfiltered sample (100 µL) directly in LS cocktail. All samples were counted using a liquid scintillation counter after 24 h in darkness, and DPMs converted to absolute carbon units using known equations (Smith et al., 1977).
Chlorophyll was determined fluorometrically using standard JGOFS procedures. Samples were collected from known depths into amber polycarbonate bottles, known volumes filtered through 25 mm GFF filters under low vacuum, extracted for 24 h in 90% acetone in dark, cold conditions, and the fluorescence read before and after acidification.
Mixed layers were determined from the vertical profiles of density (sigma-t) determined from CTD profiles. A change of 0.01 kg m⁻³ from a stable surface layer reading was defined as the base of the mixed layer (Smith et al., 2013).
Integrated primary productivity and chlorophyll concentrations were determined using trapezoidal integrations through the 0.1 and 1.0% isolumes, respectively. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected using a BioSpherical Sensor Model QSP-240 placed as close to the incubators as possible. All data were integrated from 1-minute values over the period of incubation. The integrated data by station are provided in the attached Supplemental File "Integrated Water Column Station Data" (.csv file).
Data Processing:
No specific data processing procedures were used in the generation of the productivity rates; all are simply compiled and analyzed on routine numerical packages.
BCO-DMO Processing:
- replaced "---" and "-999" with "nd" ("no data");
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- changed date format to YYYY-MM-DD;
- replaced `66.`05 with 166.105 in the Longitude column;
- removed spaces from "NBP" cruise IDs for naming consistency;
- 2021-12-01: updated the Integrated Station Data and README Supplemental Files. The v2 Integrated Station Data includes a column for Integrated_PAR, which was not in the previous version.
File |
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Ross_Sea_Productivity.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 304.80 KB) MD5:8d459a30a953f57251042888b1bcd64e Primary data file for dataset ID 863815 |
File |
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Integrated Water Column Station Data (v2) filename: integrated_water_column_station_data_v2.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 63.51 KB) MD5:78366887f686e3c884fde65ec680e7be This csv file contains primary productivity and chlorophyll concentrations integrated by station; determined using trapezoidal integrations through the 0.1 and 1.0% isolumes, respectively.
Data column names, descriptions, and units:
Cruise = name of the cruise, generally with the year (unitless);
Station_Number = station number within cruise (unitless);
Cast_Event_Number = cast or event number, if used (unitless);
Latitude = sample latitude; negative values indicate south (decimal degrees);
Longitude = sampling longitude; negative values indicate west (decimal degrees);
Date = date of collection in format YYYY-MM-DD (dates are provided in the local (New Zealand) time zone; NZ is 13 h ahead of UTC) (unitless);
Mixed_Layer_Depth = depth of mixed later (meters);
Integrated_Primary_Productivity = integrated euphotic zone primary productivity (mg C m-2 d-1);
Integrated_Chlorophyll = integrated euphotic zone chlorophyll (mg Chl m-2);
Integrated PAR = integrated photosynthetically active radiation near the incubator (mol photons m-2 d-1)
Dominant_Mixed_Layer_Phytoplankton = Name of dominant species, determined by either HPLC analyses, degree of Si(OH)4 removal, or microscopic examination(unitless);
Reference = data source (unitless).
Updated on 2021-12-01.
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Ross Sea Productivity Data Compilation README (v2) filename: Ross_Sea_Productivity_README_v2.pdf (Portable Document Format (.pdf), 117.27 KB) MD5:f0bffac7e9636f3c80f8042ea9c4e8a0 Details on data compilation for the Ross Sea Productivity dataset (PI: Walker Smith). Updated on 2021-12-01. |
Parameter | Description | Units |
Cruise | name of the cruise, generally with the year | unitless |
Station_Number | station number within cruise | unitless |
Cast_Event_Number | cast or event number, if used | unitless |
Latitude | sampling latitude; negative values indicate south | unitless |
Longitude | sampling longitude; negative values indicate west | unitless |
Date | date of collection in format YYYY-MM-DD; dates are provided in the local (New Zealand) time zone; NZ is 13 h ahead of UTC | unitless |
Month | month of collection | unitless |
Julian_Date | Julian day of collection | daus |
Julian_Date_Consecutive | Consecutive Julian date is calculated by adding January day to 365 through the end of the sampling season | days |
Biweek | portion of month: 1 or 2 (1 = day 1-15; 2 = 16-end of month) | unitless |
Incubation_Length | length of incubation rounded to the nearest hour | hours |
Depth | depth of sample collection | meters (m) |
Irradiance | isolume of depth sampled as percent surface irradiance | unitless (percent) |
Primary_Productivity | 14C-uptake | milligrams C per cubic meter per hour (mg C m-3 h-1) |
Chlorophyll | Chlorophyll concentration | milligrams per cubic meter (mg m-3) |
Assimilation_Number | 14C-uptake/chlorophyll | milligrams C per milligram chl per hour (mg C (mg chl)-1 h-1) |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | SeaBird 911+ |
Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus |
Dataset-specific Description | All CTDs were SeaBird 911+ systems that had their sensors calibrated before each cruise. |
Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | various |
Generic Instrument Name | Liquid Scintillation Counter |
Dataset-specific Description | Various LSCs were used, depending on the unit on each ship, but all samples were processed at sea. |
Generic Instrument Description | Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used the quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin bottles |
Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
Dataset-specific Description | Niskin bottles were largely fitted with Teflon closing springs in cruises after 1996. |
Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | in situ PAR sensor |
Generic Instrument Name | Photosynthetically Available Radiation Sensor |
Dataset-specific Description | Irradiance was determined largely using an in situ PAR sensor, but earlier cruises also used a secchi disk. |
Generic Instrument Description | A PAR sensor measures photosynthetically available (or active) radiation. The sensor measures photon flux density (photons per second per square meter) within the visible wavelength range (typically 400 to 700 nanometers). PAR gives an indication of the total energy available to plants for photosynthesis. This instrument name is used when specific type, make and model are not known. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | BioSpherical Sensor Model QSP-240 |
Generic Instrument Name | Photosynthetically Available Radiation Sensor |
Dataset-specific Description | Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected using a BioSpherical Sensor Model QSP-240 placed as close to the incubators as possible. |
Generic Instrument Description | A PAR sensor measures photosynthetically available (or active) radiation. The sensor measures photon flux density (photons per second per square meter) within the visible wavelength range (typically 400 to 700 nanometers). PAR gives an indication of the total energy available to plants for photosynthesis. This instrument name is used when specific type, make and model are not known. |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Secchi disk |
Generic Instrument Name | Secchi Disc |
Dataset-specific Description | Irradiance was determined largely using an in situ PAR sensor, but earlier cruises also used a Secchi disk. |
Generic Instrument Description | Typically, a 16 inch diameter white/black quadrant disc used to measure water optical clarity |
Website | |
Platform | USCGC Glacier |
Start Date | 1983-01-12 |
End Date | 1983-02-23 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 2005-12-17 |
End Date | 2006-01-30 |
Description | This was the first of two Controls of Ross Sea Algal Community Structure (CORSACS) project cruises and was funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs. The NBP0601 cruise was conducted in the Ross Sea in December 2005 and January 2006, Ross Sea, ca. 65.21°S-78.65°S, 164.98°E-164.70°W, and supported by NSF research grant, OPP-0338097. The 'Science Pan and Project Description' document includes details of the cruise sampling strategy.
Related Files:
Science Plan and Project Descriptions (PDF file)Cruise track map (PDF file)Photo of Ice Breaker Nathaniel B. Palmer on station near Beaufort Island (JPG image)
Related Sites:
MGDS catalog: http://www.marine-geo.org/tools/search/entry.php?id=NBP0601 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 1994-11-03 |
End Date | 1994-12-19 |
Description | Note that the NBP-94-6 cruise was not a U.S. JGOFS cruise but is included here by the P.I. as having collected relevant data. The cruise was associated with the Collaborative Research on Bloom Dynamics and Food Web Structure in the Ross Sea research initiative funded by NSF OPP award OPP93-17587.
The cruise report is provided by the LDEO MGDS data repository. |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 1996-10-02 |
End Date | 1996-11-08 |
Description | Ross Sea Process Study 1 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 1997-01-13 |
End Date | 1997-02-11 |
Description | Ross Sea Process Study 2 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 1997-04-04 |
End Date | 1997-05-11 |
Description | Ross Sea Process Study 3 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 1997-11-05 |
End Date | 1997-12-13 |
Description | Ross Sea Process Study 4
SeaWiFS transmits images to U.S. JGOFS scientists aboard the Palmer, for first time on November 23, 1997. |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Start Date | 2003-12-18 |
End Date | 2004-01-01 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Start Date | 2005-01-28 |
End Date | 2005-02-15 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Report | |
Start Date | 2006-11-01 |
End Date | 2006-12-15 |
Description | This was the second of two Controls of Ross Sea Algal Community Structure (CORSACS) project cruises and was funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs. The NBP0608 cruise was conducted in the Ross Sea in November and December 2006, ca. 65.21°S-78.65°S, 164.98°E-164.70°W.
Related files:
Cruise track map (PDF file)
Related Sites:
MGDS catalog: http://www.marine-geo.org/tools/search/entry.php?id=NBP0608 |
Website | |
Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
Start Date | 1995-12-11 |
End Date | 1996-01-17 |
Website | |
Platform | R/V Polar Duke |
Start Date | 1989-12-15 |
End Date | 1990-02-11 |
Website | |
Platform | R/V Polar Duke |
Start Date | 1992-01-19 |
End Date | 1992-03-08 |
Website | |
Platform | USCGC Polar Star |
Start Date | 2004-11-04 |
End Date | 2005-03-16 |
Website | |
Platform | USCGC Polar Sea |
Start Date | 2001-12-03 |
End Date | 2002-03-18 |
Website | |
Platform | USCGC Polar Sea |
Start Date | 2002-11-04 |
End Date | 2003-04-01 |
Website | |
Platform | USCGC Polar Sea |
Start Date | 2003-11-17 |
End Date | 2004-03-31 |
This compilation was funded by NSF in ca. 10 independent projects, and pulling all the data together was not directly part of any single NSF project. The value of the database is that these measurements are from a restricted area, cover nearly 25 years, and use a consistent methodology.
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
Funding Source | Award |
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NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) |