Size fractionated zooplankton d13C and d15N of individual amino acids from EXPORTS cruise RR1813 in August 2018

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868193
Data Type: Cruise Results
Version: 1
Version Date: 2022-01-18

Project
» Collaborative Research: Isotopic Indicators for Mechanisms of Organic Matter Degradation in the Northeast Pacific (EXPORTS) (EXPORTS Isotopes)

Program
» EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
Popp, Brian N.University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (SOEST)Principal Investigator
Close, Hilary G.University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (UM-RSMAS)Co-Principal Investigator
Rauch, ShannonWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager

Abstract
This dataset reports the size fractionated zooplankton d13C and d15N of individual amino acids from samples collected on the EXPORTS cruise (RR1813) in August 2018.


Coverage

Spatial Extent: N:50.5097 E:-144.734 S:50.471 W:-144.737
Temporal Extent: 2018-08-29 - 2018-08-30

Methods & Sampling

Zooplankton were collected using a multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) on R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR1813 during August-September 2018 (EXPORTS cruise). Onboard, zooplankton were wet-sieved into different size fractions using filtered seawater and 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mm mesh sieves and frozen at -20ºC. Zooplankton were dried and each fraction ground using a mortar and pestle. Samples were weighed and amino acids were isolated and purified by hydrolysis in 6N hydrochloric acid followed by cation exchange chromatography. The purified amino acids were then treated with isopropanol and trifluoroacetic acid yielding trifluoroacetic amino acid esters. The resulting solution was further purified by liquid-liquid extraction into chloroform before being stored in a dichloromethane-trifluoroacetic acid solution, and then finally transferred into ethyl acetate just prior to mass spectrometric isotopic analysis. CSIA-AA was carried out on a gas chromatograph coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS), with all samples measured in triplicate when amino acid concentrations were sufficient.


Data Processing Description

BCO-DMO Processing:
- converted dates to YYYY-MM-DD;
- added the ISO8601 date-time column;
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.


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Data Files

File
zoop_CSIA-AA.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 22.63 KB)
MD5:fdd12d891ef2d18c47c9df06192da8ac
Primary data file for dataset ID 868193

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Related Publications

Hannides, C. C. S., Popp, B. N., Choy, C. A., & Drazen, J. C. (2013). Midwater zooplankton and suspended particle dynamics in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: A stable isotope perspective. Limnology and Oceanography, 58(6), 1931–1946. doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1931
Methods
Wiebe, P. H., K.H. Burt, S. H. Boyd, A. W. Morton (1976). A multiple opening/closing net and environment sensing system for sampling zooplankton. J. Mar. Res., 34, 313-326.
Methods

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
Cruise

Cruise designation

unitless
R2R_Event

R2R catalog identifier for this cruise

unitless
Latitude

Latitude in decimal degrees North

decimal degrees North
Longitude

Longitude in decimal degrees West

decimal degrees West
ISO_DateTime_UTC

Date and time (UTC) of sampling in ISO8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ

unitless
Date

Sampling date (UTC); format: YYYY-MM-DD

unitless
Time

Sampling time (UTC)/deployment of net; format: hh:mm:ss

unitless
MOCNESS_Tow

Shipboard MOCNESS tow designation

unitless
DayNight

Indicates if sampling was conducted during day or night

unitless
MOCNESS_Net

Net number out of 10 nets

unitless
DepthInterval_max

maximum depth of sample

meters (m)
DepthInterval_min

minimum depth of sample

meters (m)
SizeFraction_min

minimum wet sieved size fraction

micrometers (um)
SizeFraction_max

maximum wet sieved size fraction

micrometers (um)
Taxa

which taxa were analyzed

text
d15N_Ala

the nitrogen isotopic composition of alanine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Gly

the nitrogen isotopic composition of glycine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Thr

the nitrogen isotopic composition of threonine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Ser

the nitrogen isotopic composition of serine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Val

the nitrogen isotopic composition of valine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Leu

the nitrogen isotopic composition of leucine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Iso

the nitrogen isotopic composition of isoleucine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Pro

the nitrogen isotopic composition of proline

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Asx

the nitrogen isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Met

the nitrogen isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Glx

the nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Phe

the nitrogen isotopic composition of phenylalanine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Tyr

the nitrogen isotopic composition of tyrosine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d15N_Lys

the nitrogen isotopic composition of lysine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Ala

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of alanine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Gly

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of glycine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Thr

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of threonine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Ser

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of serine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Val

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of valine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Leu

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of leucine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Ile

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of isoleucine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Pro

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of proline

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Asx

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Met

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Glx

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Phe

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of phenylalanine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Tyr

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of tyrosine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
SD_d15N_Lys

the standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of lysine

permil relative to AIR (‰)
d13C_Ala

the carbon isotopic composition of alanine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Gly

the carbon isotopic composition of glycine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Thr

the carbon isotopic composition of threonine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Ser

the carbon isotopic composition of serine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Val

the carbon isotopic composition of valine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Leu

the carbon isotopic composition of leucine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Iso

the carbon isotopic composition of isoleucine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Pro

the carbon isotopic composition of proline

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Asx

the carbon isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Met

the carbon isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Glx

the carbon isotopic composition of glutamic acid

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Phe

the carbon isotopic composition of phenylalanine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Tyr

the carbon isotopic composition of tyrosine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
d13C_Lys

the carbon isotopic composition of lysine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Ala

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of alanine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Gly

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of glycine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Thr

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of threonine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Ser

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of serine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Val

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of valine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Leu

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of leucine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Ile

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of isoleucine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Pro

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of proline

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Asx

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Met

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of aspartic acid

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Glx

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of glutamic acid

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Phe

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of phenylalanine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Tyr

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of tyrosine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)
SD_d13C_Lys

the standard deviation of the carbon isotopic composition of lysine

permil relative to VPDB (‰)


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Instruments

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
gas chromatograph
Generic Instrument Name
Gas Chromatograph
Dataset-specific Description
CSIA-AA was carried out on a gas chromatograph coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS).
Generic Instrument Description
Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC)

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus
Generic Instrument Name
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Dataset-specific Description
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer with CC-C III combustion interface and Trace gas chromatograph.
Generic Instrument Description
The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Thermo Scientific MAT 253
Generic Instrument Name
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Dataset-specific Description
Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer with GC Isolink combustion interface and Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph.
Generic Instrument Description
The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS)
Generic Instrument Name
MOCNESS
Dataset-specific Description
Multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) net with 1 m2 opening using 0.2 mm mesh plankton nets (see Wiebe, P. H., K. H. Burt, S. H. Boyd and A. W. Morton (1976) A multiple opening/closing net and environmental sensing system for sampling zooplankton. Journal of Marine Research 34:313-326.)
Generic Instrument Description
The Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System or MOCNESS is a family of net systems based on the Tucker Trawl principle. There are currently 8 different sizes of MOCNESS in existence which are designed for capture of different size ranges of zooplankton and micro-nekton Each system is designated according to the size of the net mouth opening and in two cases, the number of nets it carries. The original MOCNESS (Wiebe et al, 1976) was a redesigned and improved version of a system described by Frost and McCrone (1974).(from MOCNESS manual) This designation is used when the specific type of MOCNESS (number and size of nets) was not specified by the contributing investigator.


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Deployments

RR1813

Website
Platform
R/V Roger Revelle
Report
Start Date
2018-08-10
End Date
2018-09-12
Description
Additional cruise information is available from the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/RR1813


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Project Information

Collaborative Research: Isotopic Indicators for Mechanisms of Organic Matter Degradation in the Northeast Pacific (EXPORTS) (EXPORTS Isotopes)


Coverage: Station Papa, Northeast Pacific


NSF Award Abstract:
The biological pump is largely responsible for the vertical transport of organic carbon from the surface to the ocean interior. However, only a small fraction of organic material produced in surface waters is sequestered in the deep ocean. The rest is consumed, or respired, by bacteria and larger organisms. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to characterize the relative influences of bacteria versus larger organisms on the degradation of organic material with depth. Guided by recent results from the subtropical Pacific, the investigators will use measurements of stable isotopes of nitrogen in different amino acids (compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino acids, known as AA-CSIA), along with measurements of the abundances of different forms of amino acids, and other parameters derived from these analyses to identify how the partitioning and flux of large and small particles are affected by different degradation processes. By improving the interpretive power of the AA-CSIA technique the investigators propose to determine: 1) the relative importance of microbial and zooplankton consumption on the efficiency of the biological carbon pump in the subarctic northeast Pacific, and 2) how much microbially-altered small particles fuel the metabolisms of mid-water zooplankton. This work capitalizes on an existing, comprehensive field program (NASA EXPORTS) specifically focused on building a predictive framework relating surface ocean properties to the vertical flux of organic carbon. The tremendous amount of data to be collected on all aspects of the biological pump as part of the EXPORTS program will aid the development and interpretation of the investigators' amino acid isotopic tool. Results will be broadly communicated via production and distribution of several episodes of Voice of the Sea, a local television program that will air in Hawaii and across many Pacific islands. Episodes also will be posted online and publicized through social media to the south Florida community. This project will support a Ph.D. student and an undergraduate student at University of Miami, which serves a 25% Hispanic population, and an M.S. student and an undergraduate student at University of Hawaii, which is a designated minority-serving institution.

The proposed work introduces a new geochemical framework to distinguish microbial versus zooplankton alteration of marine organic matter. Piloted on samples from the subtropical Pacific, this approach interrogates unamended sinking material directly, using amino acid compound-specific isotopic analysis (AA-CSIA) to determine the progressive, cumulative impact of microbial and zooplankton degradative pathways. The proposed work (1) will extend this interpretive framework to explicitly define end-member signatures such as fecal pellets and will apply this refined method to a study site in the subarctic northeast Pacific to (2) determine the vertical progression of degradative mechanisms in an oceanographic location with contrasting productivity and vertical length scales of flux attenuation and (3) determine whether microbially- degraded biomass is important for fueling midwater metazoans under contrasting carbon flux conditions. The proposed work will be conducted in collaboration with the NASA EXPORTS program at the Ocean Station Papa time-series site. Teaming with this program presents a unique opportunity to refine AA-CSIA interpretation in parallel with intensive data collection defining productivity, particle size distribution and flux, and numerous biological parameters. In comparing subtropical and subarctic Pacific locations, the proposed work will test how differences in productivity and plankton community structure influence vertical patterns of consumption and alteration of phytodetritus by microbes and zooplankton, from surface to mesopelagic depths.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.



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Program Information

EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS)



EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) is a large-scale NASA-led field campaign that will provide critical information for quantifying the export and fate of upper ocean net primary production (NPP) using satellite observations and state of the art ocean technologies.

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth’s carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as its fate in the underlying "twilight zone" where some fraction of exported carbon will be sequestered in the ocean’s interior on time scales of months to millennia. In particular, EXPORTS will advance satellite diagnostic and numerical prognostic models by comparing relationships among the ecological, biogeochemical and physical oceanographic processes that control carbon cycling across a range of ecosystem and carbon cycling states. EXPORTS will achieve this through a combination of ship and robotic field sampling, satellite remote sensing and numerical modeling. Through a coordinated, process-oriented approach, EXPORTS will foster new insights on ocean carbon cycling that maximizes its societal relevance through the achievement of U.S. and International research agency goals and will be a key step towards our understanding of the Earth as an integrated system.



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)

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