| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stukel, Michael R. | Florida State University (FSU - EOAS) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
| Newman, Sawyer | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
The detection limit set for POC measurements in the data file is: 30, and the detection limit for PN measurements is 2.
Particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and 234Th adsorbed onto particles were measured at 6 depths spanning the euphotic zone (surface to 65 m depth). 4-L samples were vacuum filtered through pre-combusted quartz microfiber (QMA) filters. Filtrate after filtration was collected and filtered through another filter to serve as an adsorption blank. Filters were dried and mounted in RISO planchets. Samples were then counted in a RISO low-level beta multi-counter to determine activity of 234Th. Background counts were conducted >6 half-lives after collection. Samples were then acidified to remove CaCO3 and analyzed in an elemental analyzer to determine particulate organic carbon and particulate nitrogen on filters. For additional details, see Stukel et al. (2015) and Stukel et al. (2022).
- Spaces removed from column names and replaced with underscores ("_")
- Row containing units removed from the data file
- Converted date times in the data file from %m-%d-%y %H:%M format to %Y-%M-%DT%H:%M format
- Added a column Collection_Datetime_UTC representing datetime values in UTC
- 'below detection' values removed from the POC and PN columns of the data file and two new fields were created called POC_flag and PN_flag; these new columns indicate if a blank POC or PN values indicate if measurements were 'below detection' limits
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| Station | Palmer LTER Station Name from which sample was collected. | unitless |
| Latitude | Station Latitude in decimal degrees; a positive value indicates a Northern coordinate. | decimal degrees |
| Longitude | Station Longitude in decimal degrees; a positive value indicates an Eastern coordinate. | decimal degrees |
| Collection_Datetime_Local | Date and time of collection in local time at Palmer Station (UTC-3). | unitless |
| Collection_Datetime_UTC | Date and time of collection in UTC time. | unitless |
| Depth | Depth. | meters (m) |
| Particulate_Th234 | Thorium isotope 234Th adsorbed into particles. | decays per minute per liter (dpm/L^-1) |
| Uncertainty | Uncertainty in Thorium 234TH adsorbed into particles. | decays per minute per liter (dpm/L^-1) |
| POC | Particulate organic carbon. | milligrams of carbon per cubic meter (mg C / m^-3) |
| POC_flag | Flag column indicating rows where blank POC values indicate that a measurement was "below detection." | unitless |
| PN | Particulate nitrogen. | milligrams of carbon per cubic meter (mg C / m^-3) |
| PN_flag | Flag column indicating rows where blank PN values indicate that a measurement was "below detection." | unitless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Elemental Analyzer |
| Generic Instrument Name | Elemental Analyzer |
| Dataset-specific Description | After subsequent background counts using the RISO low-level beta multi-counter, samples were acidified to remove calcium carbonate and analyzed for carbon and nitrogen on an elemental analyzer. |
| Generic Instrument Description | Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Riso low-level GM beta multi-counter |
| Generic Instrument Name | GM multicounter |
| Dataset-specific Description | Samples from six euphotic zone depths (surface to 65 meters) were counted in a RISO low-level beta multi-counter to determine the activity of 234Th. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A gas flow multicounter (GM multicounter) is used for counting low-level beta doses. GM multicounters can be used for gas proportional counting of 32Si to 32P. For more information about GM multicounter usage see Krause et. al. 2011. |
NSF Award Abstract:
Algae in the surface ocean convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon through photosynthesis. The biological carbon pump transports this organic carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean where it can be stored for tens to hundreds of years. Annually, the amount transported is similar to that humans are currently emitting by burning fossil fuels. However, at present we cannot predict how this important process will change with a warming ocean. These investigators plan to develop a 15+ year time-series of vertical carbon transfer for the Western Antarctic Peninsula; a highly productive Antarctic ecosystem. This region is also rapid transition to warmer temperatures leading to reduced sea ice coverage. This work will help researchers better understand how the carbon cycle in the Western Antarctic Peninsula will respond to climate change. The researchers will develop the first large-scale time-series of carbon flux anywhere in the ocean. This research will also support the education and training of a graduate student and support the integration of concepts in Antarctic research into two undergraduate courses designed for non-science majors and advanced earth science students. The researchers will also develop educational modules for introducing elementary and middle-school age students to important concepts such as gross and net primary productivity, feedbacks in the marine and atmospheric systems, and the differences between correlation and causation. Results from this proposal will also be incorporated into a children’s book, “Plankton do the Strangest Things”, that is targeted at 5-7 year olds and is designed to introduce them to the incredible diversity and fascinating adaptations of microscopic marine organisms.
This research seeks to leverage 6 years (2015-2020) of 234Th samples collected on Palmer LTER program, 5 years of prior measurements (2009-2010, 2012-2014), and upcoming cruises (2021-2023) to develop a time-series of summertime particle flux in the WAP that stretches for 15 years. The 238U-234Th disequilibrium approach utilizes changes in the activity of the particle-active radio-isotope 234Th relative to its parent nuclide 238U to quantify the flux of sinking carbon out of the surface ocean (over a time-scale of ~one month). This proposal will fund 234Th analyses from nine years’ worth of cruises (2015-2023) and extensive analyses designed to investigate the processes driving inter-annual variability in the BCP. These include: 1) physical modeling to quantify the importance of advection and diffusion in the 234Th budget, 2) time-series analyses of particle flux, and 3) statistical modeling of the relationships between particle flux and multiple presumed drivers (biological, chemical, physical, and climate indices) measured by collaborators in the Palmer LTER program. This multi-faceted approach is critical for linking the measurements to models and for predicting responses to climate change. It will also test the hypothesis that export flux is decreasing in the northern WAP, increasing in the southern WAP, and increasing when integrated over the entire region as a result of earlier sea ice retreat and a larger ice-free zone. The project will also investigate relationships between carbon export and multiple potentially controlling factors including: primary productivity, algal biomass and taxonomic composition, biological oxygen saturation, zooplankton biomass and taxonomic composition, bacterial production, temperature, wintertime sea ice extent, date of sea ice retreat, and climate modes.
This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.