Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Related Publications
• Related Datasets
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

A SeapHOx sensor was deployed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy SystemYork River Buoy (latitude: 37.20°N, longitude 76.27°W) with roughly 8-m water depth. Two deployments can be found in the dataset: Deployment 1 (D1) between November 2016 and April 2017 and Deployment 2 (D2) between December 2017 and June 2018.

Temperature, salinity and pH were acquired hourly over two deployments lasting several months. 

Sensor data were then averaged to 24-hour resolution. Data were calibrated with discrete dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) and alkalinity samples analyzed at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, following standard procedures. The pH sensor data were then combined with salinity data, and a relationship between alkalinity and salinity, to compute the remaining CO2-system parameters (TCO2, CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), and saturation state of aragonite.

NSF Award Abstract:

Understanding the vulnerability of estuarine ecosystems to anthropogenic impacts requires a quantitative assessment of the dynamic drivers of change to the estuarine carbonate system. Estuaries are currently experiencing multiple environmental stressors that have significant impacts on their carbonate chemistry, making this assessment a major challenge. Although the effects of changes in nutrient run-off (i.e. eutrophication and hypoxia) have been long-studied in many estuaries, much less attention has been given to the impacts of global change on these systems. In this study, a team of field scientists and modelers will attempt to distinguish natural interannual variability in a major US estuary from the impacts of local anthropogenic changes (e.g., nutrient inputs, changing freshwater end member characteristics) and global change (increases in atmospheric temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and sea level), by using numerical models calibrated with CO2-system observations at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. If successful, this will be the first study to quantitatively distinguish between local and global anthropogenic impacts on the CO2 system in an estuary. The results are expected to have important implications for management of Chesapeake Bay because the impact of local anthropogenic stressors on the system, once isolated, may be mitigated by appropriate environmental policy implemented at the regional scale. Two of the PIs have a strong history of proven relationships with Chesapeake Bay managers and policy makers, which will insure direct infusion of these scientific results into ongoing management decisions.

In this project researchers will study the diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability of the CO2 system in the Chesapeake Bay, a non-pristine estuary, using a combination of conventional shipboard sampling (of dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity) and new high-frequency autonomous instrumentation (for observations of pH and CO2 partial pressure) to assess the impact of extreme events, like tropical storms and nor?easters on carbonate chemistry. These high-quality observations will afford a rigorous assessment of the uncertainty associated with a 30-year water-quality monitoring time series of pH and alkalinity. The team will use an estuarine-carbon-biogeochemical model evaluated and calibrated with the new and long-term observations. Sensitivity experiments will be applied to disentangle multiple impacts on the CO2 system in the estuary over the last 30 years, including increased atmospheric temperature and CO2, sea-level rise, eutrophication due to increases in nutrient run-off, and changing carbonate characteristics of riverine end-members.