Dataset: Palau Coral Stress Band Data

Name: Sampling information and presence/absence of stress bands (in 1998 and 2010) in Porites cf. lobata coral at Palau's Rock Islands
Published: 2023-04-27
Keywords: coral reefs, coral growth, coral bleaching, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.894894.1

Spatial Extent: N:8.03909 E:134.691 S:2.85707 W:131.738

Temporal Extent: 2011-04-11 - 2018-10-07

Project:

The Biophysics of Coral Reef Resilience: hydrodynamic and ecological drivers of coral survival under extreme heat (Biophysics of Coral Reef Resilience)

Principal Investigator:

Anne L. Cohen (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Scientist:

Hanny Rivera (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2023-04-27

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Sampling information and presence/absence of stress bands (in 1998 and 2010) in Porites cf. lobata coral at Palau's Rock Islands

Abstract:

Ocean warming is killing corals, but heat-tolerant populations exist; if protected, they could replenish affected reefs naturally or through restoration. Palau's Rock Islands experience consistently higher temperatures and extreme heatwaves, yet their diverse coral communities bleach less than those on Palau's cooler outer reefs. Here, we combined genetic analyses, bleaching histories, and growth rates of Porites cf. lobata colonies to identify thermally tolerant genotypes, map their distribution, and investigate potential growth trade-offs. We identified four genetic lineages of P. cf. lobata. On Palau's outer reefs, a thermally sensitive lineage dominates. The Rock Islands harbor two lineages with enhanced thermal tolerance; one of which shows no consistent growth trade-off and also occurs on several outer reefs. This suggests that the Rock Islands provide naturally tolerant larvae to neighboring areas. Finding and protecting such sources of thermally-tolerant corals is key to reef survival under 21st century climate change. This dataset contains sampling location information for each sample, depth, and diameter of colonies, and presence/absence of stress bands in 1998 and 2010.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier (PID)	Date PID Issued
2023-04-27	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.894894.1	2023-05-23

Methods & Sampling

Samples were collected from coral reefs of Palau's Rock Islands. Coral cores (N = 121) were taken using an underwater pneumatic drill equipped with a diamond-tipped drill bit powered by compressed air from a SCUBA tank. Cores ranged from 10 to 204 centimeters (cm) long, covering years from 1970 to 2014. Cores were dried in an oven and imaged using a Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Scans were analyzed using an automated computer program. Cores that displayed high levels of bioerosion, inconsistent banding patterns, partial mortality, or other deformities preventing accurate identification of annual growth bands, and as a result, correct identification of years corresponding to bleaching events, were excluded from analysis (N = 42). Of the remaining 80 cores, 11 had unsuccessful DNA extractions or failed other downstream genetic data filters, leaving 69 corals for final analyses. Coral samples were imported to the U.S. under CITES permit numbers: PW14-163, PW15-022, PW18-121. RAD-sequencing data are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number PRJNA801929. Additional input data are available in the GitHub repository of H. Rivera at https://github.com/hrivera28/Palau_porites (DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.7953614).

Data Processing Description

Data Processing:
Growth metrics (extension and calcification rates and density) were calculated for each core by averaging the yearly growth during the years 1999 to 2009, in order to avoid bleaching years that might influence growth patterns. See related BCO-DMO dataset https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/894930 for the growth data. Stress bands were defined as a region of the core at least 1 millimeter (mm) thick in which density and the change in density gradient exceeded two standard deviations above each individual whole core average density and gradient.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- converted dates to YYYY-MM-DD format.

Data Files

File
stress_bands.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 36.68 KB) MD5:c8acccf94d53d2648d0e20f26cc52b53 Primary data file for dataset ID 894894.

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-2049567

Deployments

None available yet

Instruments

Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner

Supplied Name: Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner

Acronym: CT Scanner

Generic Description:

A CT scan makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object.

Drill

Supplied Name: underwater pneumatic drill

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Drill

Generic Description:

A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. There are many types of drills: some are powered manually, and others use electricity (electric drill) or compressed air as the motive power. Drills with a percussive action (hammer drills) are mostly used in hard materials such as masonry (brick, concrete, and stone) or rock. Some types of hand-held drills are also used to drive screws and other fasteners.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Sample	Identifier code for sample	unitless	sample
Cohort	whether the coral colony the sample was taken from was considered an adult or juvenile size coral	unitless	sample_descrip
Site	The name of the reef at which the sample was taken	unitless	site
Region	Whether the reef was an Outer reef or Rock Island reef (see publication for distinction)	unitless	site
Lat	latitude of location	decimal degrees North	lat
Long	longitude of location	decimal degrees East	lon
Date	Date of sample collection Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
Depth_m	Approximate depth of colony in meters	meters (m)	depth
Diam_m	Approximate diameter of colony in meters	meters (m)	diameter
SB_98	Binary designation of whether the core of the colony was deemed to have a stress band during the 1998 year of growth. 1 = stress band present, 0 = no stress band, NA = data not available for that sample (no core taken)	unitless	sample_descrip
SB_10	Binary designation of whether the core of the colony was deemed to have a stress band during the 2010 year of growth. 1 = stress band present, 0 = no stress band, NA = data not available for that sample (no core taken)	unitless	sample_descrip

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Database

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Dataset: Palau Coral Stress Band Data