Increasingly frequent marine heatwaves are devastating coral reefs. Corals that survive these extreme events must rapidly recover if they are to withstand subsequent events, and long-term survival in the face of rising ocean temperatures may hinge on recovery capacity and acclimatory gains in heat tolerance over an individual's lifespan. To better understand coral recovery trajectories in the face of successive marine heatwaves, we monitored the responses of bleaching-susceptible and bleaching-resistant individuals of two dominant coral species in Hawaiʻi, Montipora capitata and Porites compressa, over a decade that included three marine heatwaves. This dataset includes the in situ temperature data from Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i from 2013-2023.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier (PID)	Date PID Issued
2023-07-24	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.905047.1	2023-11-28

Description

This dataset and other data from this study will be published in the results paper "Divergent bleaching and recovery trajectories in reef-building corals following a decade of successive marine heatwaves." (see pre-print Brown, et al. (2023), doi: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549193).

All BCO-DMO datasets related to this publication can be found on the page https://www.bco-dmo.org/related-resource/915300.

Methods & Sampling

Location: patch reef 13 in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i (21.4509, -157.7954)

Study site and temperature data

This study was conducted at Patch Reef 13 (PR13) in the southern end of Kāneʻohe Bay, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi (21.4509, -157.7954). Hourly seawater temperatures were recorded continuously from January 2014 to April 2023 from temperature sensors within the reef at PR13 (1–2.7 m depth) as well as at two adjacent locations within 0.5 km: (Brown et al., 2022) PR12 (21.45096,-157.7972; 1.5 m depth) and (Rodgers and Jokiel, 2005) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) ‘CRIMP2’ buoy (21.458, -157.798; 0.7 m depth) (Brown et al., 2023 Fig. 1, Fig. S1, Table S1). Mean daily (24 hours) seawater temperatures were calculated and averaged when data sources were overlapping, and used to determine cumulative heat stress (degree heating weeks; DHW) at PR13 following the equations in (Brown et al., 2022) (Brown et al., 2023 Fig. 1, Fig. S2, Table S2). The climatic maximum monthly mean (MMM) for Kāneʻohe Bay was determined from seawater temperature data from two monitoring stations on the reefs surrounding the island of Moku o Loʻe (PR1), located approximately 2 km from the study site in the southern region of Kāneʻohe Bay: 1) NOAA’s MOKH1 Station (21.433, -157.790; 1.7 m depth) and 2) the HIMB Point Lab Weather Station (21.433, -157.7863; 1 m depth; ((Rodgers and Jokiel, 2005)). Data from 1992–2002 (excluding the 1996 marine heatwave) provided the closest available 10-year data to the time period used by NOAA for determining climatology MMM (1985–1990, 1993), resulting in a climatology MMM for Kāneʻohe Bay of 27.3°C. This MMM was used here to calculate DHW from 2014–2023. Cumulative heat stress at PR13 was compared to PR1 (21.4438, -157.7883; 1 m depth) (Brown et al., 2023 Table S1, Fig. S1). DHWs were also calculated from the temperature data recorded at both PR1 and PR13 using the MMM of 27.0°C (Main Hawaiian Island MMM as determined by NOAA and Kāneʻohe Bay climatology MMM from the 1960s (Jokiel and Coles, 1977)), and other recent MMM values used for Kāneʻohe Bay in the literature: 27.7°C (Wall et al., 2021; Jury and Toonen, 2019) and 28.0°C (Jury and Toonen, 2019; Innis et al., 2021) (Brown et al., 2023 Fig. S2).

Data Processing Description

See results publication Brown, et al. (2023) for more detailed information on analysis and results.

BCO-DMO Processing

* Table within file "All temperature Kaneohe Bay 2013-2023.csv" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system with values "NA" as missing data values.
** Missing data values are displayed differently based on the file format you download. They are blank in csv files, "NaN" in MatLab files, etc.
* DateTime in UTC added to dataset from the DateTime column provided in local time (Hawaii, UTC-10)
* File "All temperature Kaneohe Bay 2013-2023.csv" added as supplemental file.

* Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number]
* First column in the data table was un-named column of row numbers. This was removed from the imported dataset.

Data Files

File
905047_v1_infield_temp.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 20.87 MB) MD5:e1ba88d5dfc5f8e5f4720919769d8b24 Primary data file for dataset ID 905047, version 1

Supplemental Files

File

Reef 13 temp hotspot through 2023
filename: Reef13 temp hotspot through 2023.csv

(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 212.27 KB)
MD5:cef8f2ef06a4391b87488e574e53d927

Degree heating weeks (DHW) table.  Reef 13 temp hotspot through 2023.

Column information:
Date,Date
N,number of measurements on that day
Temperature,Mean temperature, degrees C
sd,standard deviation of temperature
se,standard error of temperature
ci,confidence interval 95% of temperature
Hotspot_27.3,if the daily mean temperature exceeded the region’s coral bleaching threshold (maximum monthly mean (MMM) + 1°C; 28.3°C); 
DHW,DHW (degree heating weeks, see methodology)

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-2102989
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-2103067

Deployments

Deployment	Synonyms	Start Date	Platform	Investigator
CRIMP2	NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) CRIMP2 buoy	2008-06-01	Coral Reef Instrumented Monitoring Platform		data info

Instruments

Onset HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Data Logger

Supplied Name: HOBO pendant logger

Supplied Description:

Seawater temperature: HOBO pendant logger, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) CRIMP2 buoy

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Onset HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Data Logger

Acronym: Onset HOBO Pendant Temp/Light

Generic Description:

The Onset HOBO (model numbers UA-002-64 or UA-001-64) is an in-situ instrument for wet or underwater applications. It supports light intensity, soil temperature, temperature, and water temperature. A two-channel logger with 10-bit resolution can record up to approximately 28,000 combined temperature and light measurements with 64K bytes memory. It has a polypropylene housing case. Uses an optical USB to transmit data. A solar radiation shield is used for measurement in sunlight. Temperature measurement range: -20 deg C to 70 deg C (temperature). Light measurement range: 0 to 320,000 lux. Temperature accuracy: +/- 0.53 deg C from 0 deg C to 50 deg C. Light accuracy: Designed for measurement of relative light levels. Water depth rating: 30 m.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
ISO_DateTime_UTC	DateTime (UTC) in ISO 8601 format Format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ	unitless	ISO_DateTime_UTC
Temperature	temperature	degrees C	temp
Date	Date (Pacific/Honolulu UTC-10) Format: %m/%d/%Y	unitless	date_local
Time	Time (Pacific/Honolulu UTC-10)	unitless	time_local
Site	site name	unitless	site
hour	hour (Pacific/Honolulu UTC-10)	unitless	hour_local
year	year	unitless	year
day	day	unitless	day
month	month	unitless	month