Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
  • BCO-DMO Processing Description
• Data Files
• Supplemental Files
• Related Datasets
• Parameters
• Project Information
• Funding

Ecological monitoring was conducted once a year from 2006-2021 at six different sites in Isla Natividad, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Using SCUBA, trained divers laid 30 x 2 meters belt transects to collect in situ algae, marine invertebrates, fish and uniform point contact (UPC) found along the transect. For algae, divers counted each algae and counted the number of stipes in the organism.

For data access and methodology details for marine invertebrates, fish, and uniform point contact (UPC) data, see the "Related Datasets" section. These four datasets related to each other in the way that the information from algae, invertebrates, fish and UPC was taken from the same site, on the same date, done by the same person.

These four related datasets were collected following the same methodology. Each year from 2006 to 2021, certified divers will lay several 30m transects along kelp forest in different sites in Isla Natividad, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Along the transects, the divers will collect information of algae, invertebrates, fish and UPC (Uniform Point Contact). Each transect was done in one single dive, collecting all the information already mentioned. At the end of the collecting season, the data was checked and transferred to the main dataset.

Instruments:
SCUBA equipment
30m transects
Diving slates

All the data collected during the ecological monitoring was then transferred to excel files, where it was double checked for typos and errors. Every year since 2006, the data has been collected in one excel file.

Problems/Issues: An inconsistency in abundance values resulted in 10 values in the abundance column that were decimals, not integer counts.  These were replaced with null values (missing data identifier).

* File "COBI_Mexico_Invertebrates_IslaNatividad_2006-2021_EnglishVersion.csv" imported into the BCO-DMO data system with missing data identifiers "NA" and "ND."
** Missing data values are displayed differently based on the file format you download.  They are blank in csv files, "NaN" in MatLab files, etc.
* Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores.  Can not start with a number
* Taxonomic names in this dataset were matched to known identifiers using the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) taxa match tool on 2023-08-31. A supplemental species list was added to this dataset containing the name used in the dataset, taxon name match information, and the associated LifeSciences Identifier (LSID) for the currently accepted name as of 2023-08-28.
* Resolved mixed time formats in the time column. Integer hours in the time column were appended with 00 minutes (for example "8" became "8:00"). Subimtter explained that integer entry of hours was on the hour at 00 minutes.
* ISO_DateTime_UTC_Start column added in ISO 8601 format for UTC time zone using the supplied year, month, day, START_TIME (using "Mexico/BajaSur" UTC-7:00/-6:00). Time zone confirmed by submitter.
* Replaced 10 values within the Abundance column that were decimal values not integers with blank values. These are the only null values in that column. This was done following a discussion about best course of action with the submitter who advised this.

NSF Award Abstract:
Oceanographic variability is increasingly recognized as a driver of change in marine ecosystems. Understanding the effects of this oceanographic variability and its extremes on organisms, populations, ecosystems and the critical services they deliver is of great scientific interest and pivotal for resource management and policy. The overarching goal of this project is to determine how small-scale heterogeneity in habitat quality and site-specific vulnerability to extreme oceanographic conditions might help identify safe spaces and protect coastal populations and fisheries from the detrimental effects of increasing frequency, intensity and durations of extreme oceanographic conditions. This project will combine detailed nearshore oceanographic studies with ecological experiments and coupled biophysical modeling to advance understanding of the drivers of local oceanographic variability and consequent effects on coastal marine animals. The research will determine how multiple, potentially stressful, environmental drivers co-vary in the field and how such variation affects the population dynamics of coastal species. Specifically, this project will provide key insights regarding how changes in ocean acidification, dissolved oxygen and temperature will affect green and pink abalone, an ecologically and economically important resource in the southern California Current. Team members will work with partner non-governmental organizations, resource agencies, and fishing cooperative federations to disseminate results and incorporate data and insights into fisheries management and adaptation initiatives in Baja California, Mexico and in California, USA. This project will also support the training and professional development of underrepresented groups at the high school, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels through direct involvement in research, intensive courses and international workshops.

Despite large-scale drivers and regional perturbations, local variability in ocean conditions may be a major driver of the overall performance and vulnerability of coastal marine species. Research performed as part of this project will test two specific hypotheses: (1) The relative influences of upwelling versus tides, as mediated by coastal geometry and structural complexity associated with rocky reefs and kelp forests act to create high local variability in physical conditions, at scales of 10s-1000s meters; and (2) Local variability in oceanographic conditions results in high local patchiness in the performance of sedentary marine organisms, providing for safe spaces in the face of escalating heat waves, hypoxia, and acidification, that have caused recent mass mortalities in multiple species across the California Current region. Integrated oceanographic-ecological field studies will be conducted along the coast of Baja California, Mexico, using green and pink abalone (Haliotis fulgens, H. corrugata) as model species. Complementary laboratory experiments will evaluate how different exposure regimes (frequency, intensity and duration of high temperature, and/or low dissolved oxygen and acidity events) may affect the demography and persistence of abalone populations under current and future environments. Coupled biophysical and population models will integrate results from the field and laboratory experiments to understand how local variability in ocean conditions affects population dynamics over longer periods. The research will advance the understanding of factors affecting the resilience coastal species by (1) ascertaining how large-scale oceanographic phenomena manifest in ocean conditions (dissolved oxygen, acidity, temperature) at local scales that are most relevant to coastal marine ecosystems and (2) determining the effects of current, and expected future, ocean conditions and variability on important marine species.