Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
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Hunt, Christopher | University of New Hampshire (UNH) | Principal Investigator |
York, Amber D. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
This project was a collaboration between Dr. Christopher W. Hunt and Dr. Joseph Salisbury (of the University of New Hampshire) and Dr. Xuewu Liu and Dr. Robert H. Byrne (of the University of South Florida).
Sampling was conducted during day trips on Pleasant (Maine, USA) and St. John (New Brunswick, CA) estuaries in May and October 2018 and 2019.
* See "Related Datasets" section for access to the related organic alkalinity data described below.
Sample Collection:
Four surveys were conducted of both the Pleasant and St. John estuaries, in May and October 2018, and again in May and October 2019 in order to assess potential differences in estuary conditions between spring and fall seasons. Estuary samples were collected during single-day surveys on small vessels in each system, departing from Addison Maine for Pleasant estuary surveys and from St. John, New Brunswick, for St. John surveys. Estuary water was continuously pumped to an underway measurement system, which recorded location, salinity(Seabird SBE-45), water temperature (Seabird SBE-45), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) among other parameters. Surveys were started on the incoming tide and lasted through high tide and into the ebb tide. At intervals determined from the underway salinity, surface water was captured for discrete sample collection. During the October 2017 and May 2018 surveys a Niskin bottle was lowered overboard by hand; during the later surveys a 10-liter high-density polyethylene (HDPE) carboy was rinsed and filled from the outflow of the underway system, then tightly capped until samples were drawn from a spout at the bottom of the carboy. River endmember samples were collected from above the final downstream dam on each river. For the Pleasant, this dam formed a physical tidal barrier, and the transition from river to estuary was immediate. For the St. John the closest site was in Fredericton New Brunswick, a location over 120 km from the estuary mouth along the river’s course. For both endmember sites, a plastic bucket was lowered from the center of a bridge over the river, rinsed three times with river water, and samples were collected as described above. The temperature and conductivity of samples were measured directly from the bucket with a handheld meter (YSI, Yellow Springs, Ohio).
Water from the Niskin or carboy was transferred without bubbling into individual, previously-flushed borosilicate glass BOD bottles: 500 mL for alkalinity and pHT analyses, and 300 mL for inorganic carbon (DIC) analysis. All bottles had greased stoppers and positive closure mechanisms, were filled to leave less than 1% headspace in the bottle, and were preserved with saturated mercuric chloride solution. Samples for silicate and phosphate analysis were filtered using a plastic syringe and 0.2 µm cartridge filter into acid-washed and previously-rinsed 50 mL HDPE vials and preserved with chloroform. Samples for DOC were filtered as was done for the nutrients into acid-washed and previously-rinsed 30 mL HDPE bottles. All samples were immediately placed on ice. Alkalinity, pH, and DIC samples were refrigerated until analysis; nutrient and DOC samples were frozen until analysis.
* Underway data files were provided as SeaBASS format .sb files. These were loaded into matlab using the sbread.m file provided by the submitter (included in supplemental package on this dataset underway_data_sb_format.zip). Data were then converted to matlab table and exported as .csv format.
* .csv form of the data were imported into BCO-DMO's data system and concatenated into one table. Additional column ISO_DateTime_UTC added. Data imported with missing data identifier designated as -9999
** Missing data values are displayed differently based on the file format you download. They are blank in csv files, "NaN" in MatLab files, etc.
* Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number]
* sbread() loads and performs some reformatting of the data (for example, extraneous trailing .000000 on integers like year were removed).
* commands used to convert .sb to .csv
files = dir('*.sb') ; % you are in the folder where mat files are present
N = length(files) ;
for i = 1:N
[data,fields,units,header]=sbread(files(i).name)
T = array2table(data,'VariableNames',fields)
outfile = regexprep(files(i).name,'sb$','csv')
writetable(T,outfile);
end
File |
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918590_v1_underway-data.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 17.01 MB) MD5:810bf5ae706cce63c3c15dcab03bdb61 Primary data file for dataset ID 918590, version 1. See "BCO-DMO Data Processing" section for more information about how this table was created from source files contained in underway_data_sb_format.zip |
File |
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Underway data system files (.sb) [Alternate data format] filename: underway_data_sb_format.zip (ZIP Archive (ZIP), 4.74 MB) MD5:de8e991c6ee08051a2a6f83456516f0b Underway data system file for each estuary survey in SeaBASS (.sb) format which includes header lines and comment lines preceding the data. files named: FLO_L3_yyyymmdd_yyyy_2sec.sb = underway data system file for each estuary survey.Matlab m-file (sbread.m) is also contained in this package which reads data and metadata from the .sb files and performs reformatting (for example trailing decimal .000000 values stripped from integers like year).function [data,fields,units,header]=sbread(sbfile);% [data,fields,units,header,fieldwvln]=sbread(sbfile);% Reads in data from SeaBASS files and assigns field names to 'fields', units% to 'units', data to 'data', and header parameters to 'header'. List of % header parameters is in 'header.parameters' and all of the header text is in% 'header.all'. Time in the format hh:mm:ss is reformated to decimal hours and% inserted in place of the orignal. Uses function NEAREST.MThe primary data table for this dataset was produced by loading .sb files using sbread(), converting to table type, and exporting as csv files. All subtables were concatenated into one table. See "BCO-DMO Processing Notes" section. |
Parameter | Description | Units |
year | Sample year (yyyy) | unitless |
month | Sample month (mm) | unitless |
day | Sample day (dd) | unitless |
hour | Sample hour (HH) | unitless |
minute | Sample minute (MM) | unitless |
second | Sample second (SS) | unitless |
ISO_DateTime_UTC | Sample datetime (UTC) in ISO 8601 format | unitless |
Julian_Day | Days since January 1 | unitless |
secDay | Cumulative seconds of the day since 00:00:00 GMT | sssss |
lat | Latitude | decimal degrees |
lon | Longitude | decimal degrees |
heading | Heading of vessel | degrees |
speed | Speed of Vessel | meters per second (m/s) |
Wt | Water temperature | degreesC |
cond | Water conductivity | millimho per centimeter (mmho/cm) |
sal | Water salinity | Practical Salinity Units (PSU) |
stimfCDOM | Stimulated fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter | parts per billion (ppb) |
stimf | Stimulated fluorescence of chlorophyll | milligrams per meter cubed (mg/m^3) |
c660 | Bean transmittance at 600 nm | per meter (1/m) |
SBE43_oxygen | Dissolved oxygen concentration | micromoles per liter (umol/L) |
SBE43_oxygen_percent_sat | Dissolved oxygen saturation | percent (%) |
pressure_atm | Atmospheric pressure | hectopascal (hPa) |
L1_pCO2 | In-water partial pressure of carbon dioxide | microatmospheres. (uatm) |
L1_fCO2 | In-water fugacity of carbon dioxide | microatmospheres. (uatm) |
L2_pCO2 | In-air partial pressure of carbon dioxide | microatmospheres. (uatm) |
L2_fCO2 | In-air fugacity of carbon dioxide | microatmospheres. (uatm) |
bottom_flag | Data from surface (1) or bottom water (2) | unitless |
source_data_file | Filename of input data file | unitless |
Dataset-specific Instrument Name | |
Generic Instrument Name | Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph |
Dataset-specific Description | . Estuary water was continuously pumped to an underway measurement system, which recorded location, salinity(Seabird SBE-45), water temperature (Seabird SBE-45), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) among other parameters. |
Generic Instrument Description | A small externally powered, high-accuracy instrument, designed for shipboard determination of sea surface (pumped-water) conductivity and temperature. It is constructed of plastic and titanium to ensure long life with minimum maintenance. It may optionally be interfaced to an external SBE 38 hull temperature sensor.
Sea Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG (Thermosalinograph) |
NSF Award Abstact:
Estuaries are bodies of water formed where rivers meet the ocean, and are important ecosystems that provide protected environments and abundant food for fish and shellfish to reproduce. Many estuary systems are under pressure by changing atmospheric and oceanic conditions, as well as impacts on the rivers that empty into them. Scientists from the University of New Hampshire and the University of South Florida propose that the total alkalinity of some coastal systems, influenced by river runoff, may contain a large fraction of organic acids that have been previously ignored and may play a role in the acid-base chemistry of the estuary. This project would focus on understanding the organic and inorganic acid-base chemistry in estuaries. The project will support a PhD student and several undergraduate students, as well as high school interns from minority communities, broadening participation in the ocean sciences. Also, the monitoring and outreach capacity of a regional wild fishery conservation group will be enhanced, allowing the public to be more fully informed on the effect of ongoing estuarine changes on fisheries.
This project will be a comparison study of two estuary-plume systems to examine the exact buffering impact of organic alkalinity on the acid-base properties of coastal systems. The Pleasant (Maine) and St. John (Canada) estuaries represent extremes of river acid-base systems, where the Pleasant is comprised mostly of organic alkalinity and the St. John has a small organic alkalinity fraction. It is hypothesized by these scientists that some coastal regions may experience organic alkalinity as the dominant alkalinity factor in the total alkalinity distribution. This would mean that organic alkalinity would be the dominant factor affecting system pH, pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), and the saturation index of aragonite. By doing this river endmember study into organic alkalinity of these two systems, these scientists will provide the tools for the entire oceanographic community to assess the buffering capability of organic alkalinity in other coastal systems and how the systems are likely to respond to acidification.
Funding Source | Award |
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NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) | |
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |