Dataset: salmon_hauldata
Deployment: GP0207-02

haul data and salmon numbers caught and processed; 2001-2004

Principal Investigator:

Edward D. Cokelet (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA-PMEL)

Scientist:

Jamal Hasan Moss (University of Washington, UW)

Contact:

Jamal Hasan Moss (University of Washington, UW)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Nancy Copley (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Project:

U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific (NEP)

Version:

20 May 2011

Deployment Synonyms:

GP0201

Version Date:

2011-05-20

Data URL:

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/454588/data

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Description

GLOBEC 2000: Factors Affecting the Distribution of Juvenile Salmon in the Gulf of Alaska
J. Helle (NMFS/AFSC, Auke Bay Laboratory)
E. D. Cokelet (Pacific Marine Environmentla Laboratory),
E. V. Farley, Jr. (NMFS/AFSC, Auke Bay Laboratory),
A. B. Hollowed (NMFS/AFSC),
P. J. Stabeno (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory)

"Remarkable changes in atmospheric, oceanic and biological conditions have occurred in recent decades in the North Pacific Ocean including declines in the marine survival of some salmon stocks. Fishery scientists generally agree that in the first few months after leaving freshwater, salmon survival and growth are linked to oceanic variability. The purpose of this research is to focus National Marine Fisheries Service studies on the GLOBEC region, augment oceanographic measurements and determine what biological and physical factors influence the distribution of juvenile salmon. Three general hypotheses are explored in this proposal: (1) juvenile salmon prefer the buoyancy-driven Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) at the head of the Gulf of Alaska, (2) they associate with oceanic temperature, salinity, current and prey fields, and (3) they migrate landward of Kodiak Island in the ACC rather than seaward in the Alaskan Stream. Annual, summer cruises aboard a chartered fishing vessel will catch juvenile salmon on 10 transects between Yakutat Bay and Kodiak Island. The vessel will be outfitted with a thermosalinograph to measure sea-surface temperature and salinity, and with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) - each operating continuously for fine-scale resolution. Modeled tidal currents will be removed from ADCP measurements to reveal the mean flow fields. At each trawl site, temperature and salinity profiles will provide water-column properties, and bongo-net hauls will give zooplankton distributions. Stomach samples from juvenile salmonids will be analyzed in the laboratory for diet composition and compared with zooplankton distributions. Analysis of salmon otoliths for hatchery thermal marks and Genetic Stock Identification techniques will be used to determine the home stream of hatchery and wild stocks in the Gulf of Alaska and their distribution with respect to oceanographic regimes. Retrospective analysis of catch per unit effort versus oceanographic and prey factors will reveal what affects the distribution of pink, chum, coho and sockeye salmon in the study region. Proxies for bio-physical factors will be developed and compared with salmon-run size."(project proposal)

Data Collection Details:
Types: CTD profiles, ADCP profiles of ocean current, juvenile salmonid catch statistics from trawls, salmonid stomach samples analyzed for diet composition, salmonid otolith analyses, Genetic Stock Identification, zooplankton distributions from bongo-net hauls.
Platform: Chartered fishing vessel
Spatial extent: 10 transects perpendicular to the coast between Yakutat Bay and Kodiak Island
Temporal extent: ~2 weeks each July-August of 2001-2004.

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Fish samples were collected with a 198-m-long mid-water rope trawl with hexagonal mesh wings and body, and a 1.2-cm mesh liner in the codend (Fig. 2, Table 1). The rope trawl was towed at 3.5 to 5 kt, at or near surface, and had a typical spread of 40-m horizontally and 14-m vertically. All tows lasted 30 minutes and covered 1.5 to 2.8 nautical miles. All fish sampling was done during daylight hours. Sometimes this meant that salmon trawls preceded CTD casts. For reference, sunrise occurred at 06:04 ADT and sunset at 22:27 ADT on 1 August 2003 at 58o N. Alaska Daylight Time (ADT) is 8 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Salmon and other fishes were sorted by species and counted. Standard biological measurements including fork length, body weight and sex. Scale samples from a preferred area (to document age and growth) were taken from subsamples of all salmon species. Subsamples of juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon were frozen whole for laboratory analyses of food habits, otolith hatchery thermal marks (pink and chum salmon), and genetic analysis (chum salmon). Tissues and otoliths were also saved from immature and maturing chum salmon to determine stock distribution and migration of these salmon. All other fish species were counted; juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were frozen whole for laboratory analyses.

06/20/12 - DMO added cruiseid. (smr)

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0109078	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
unknown NEP NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Instruments

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

Acronym: ADCP

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/115/

Generic Description:

The ADCP measures water currents with sound, using a principle of sound waves called the Doppler effect. A sound wave has a higher frequency, or pitch, when it moves to you than when it moves away. You hear the Doppler effect in action when a car speeds past with a characteristic building of sound that fades when the car passes. The ADCP works by transmitting "pings" of sound at a constant frequency into the water. (The pings are so highly pitched that humans and even dolphins can't hear them.) As the sound waves travel, they ricochet off particles suspended in the moving water, and reflect back to the instrument. Due to the Doppler effect, sound waves bounced back from a particle moving away from the profiler have a slightly lowered frequency when they return. Particles moving toward the instrument send back higher frequency waves. The difference in frequency between the waves the profiler sends out and the waves it receives is called the Doppler shift. The instrument uses this shift to calculate how fast the particle and the water around it are moving. Sound waves that hit particles far from the profiler take longer to come back than waves that strike close by. By measuring the time it takes for the waves to bounce back and the Doppler shift, the profiler can measure current speed at many different depths with each series of pings. (More from WHOI instruments listing).

CTD - profiler

Supplied Name: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD - profiler

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/

Generic Description:

The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast.

This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934.

Tucker Trawl

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Tucker Trawl

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/NETT0161/

Generic Description:

The original Tucker Trawl, a net with a rectangular mouth opening first built in 1951 by G.H. Tucker, was not an opening/closing system, but shortly thereafter it was modified so that it could be opened and closed. The original had a 183 cm by 183 cm flexible rectangular mouth opening 914 cm long net with 1.8 cm stretched mesh for the first 457 cm and 1.3 cm mesh for last 457 cm. 152 cm of coarse plankton or muslin netting lined the end of the net. Tucker designed the net to collect animals associated with the deep scattering layers, principally euphausiids, siphonophores, and midwater fish. (from Wiebe and Benfield, 2003). Currently used Tucker Trawls usually have 1-m2 openings and can have a single net or multiple nets on the frame.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
year	year, reported as YYYY, e.g. 1995	dimensionless	year
haul_id	Haul identification number. First 4 numbers represent year, second 4 numbers represent haul number during year specified.	dimensionless	haul_id
sta_id	station identification	dimensionless	sta_id
month_local	month of year, local time	dimensionless	month_local
day_local	day, local time	dimensionless	day_local
yrday_local	local day and decimal time, as 326.5 for the 326th day of the year, or November 22 at 1200 hours (noon)	dimensionless	yrday_local
transect	transect number, as when a ship crosses an area repeatedly.	dimensionless	transect
time_start_local	starting time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock (HHMM)	dimensionless	time_start_local
lat_start	latitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative), in decimal degrees	decimal degrees	lat_start
lon_start	longitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative), in decimal degrees	decimal degrees	lon_start
distance_start	distance from ?? at start of sampling	nautical miles	no_bcodmo_term
depth_w_start	water depth at start of sampling	meters	depth_w
temp_start	water temperature at measurement depth, at the start of sampling	degrees Celsius	temp
time_end_local	ending time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock (HHMM)	dimensionless	time_end_local
lat_end	latitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)	decimal degrees	lat_end
lon_end	longitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes West)	decimal degrees	lon_end
dist_end	distance from ?? at end of sampling	nautical miles	no_bcodmo_term
depth_w_end	water depth at end of sampling	meters	depth_w
temp_end	water temperature at measurement depth, at end of sampling	degrees Celsius	temp
speed_kn	speed of vessel during sampling	knots (nautical miles per hour)	no_bcodmo_term
habitat	near shore, continental slope, shelf, or off the shelf	dimensionless	no_bcodmo_term
bongo_flag	Y=bongo sample taken; N=no bongo sample	dimensionless	flag
tucker_flag	Y=Tucker trawl sample taken; N=no Tucker trawl sample	dimensionless	flag
ctd_flag	Y=CTD sample taken; N=no CTD sample	dimensionless	flag
sea_state	description of wave height, condition	dimensionless	no_bcodmo_term
sky_cond	description of sky condition	dimensionless	no_bcodmo_term
wind_speed	wind speed	knots (nautical miles per hour)	wind_speed_kts
maturity	"maturity of fish: juvenile, immature or adult	text	no_bcodmo_term
common_name	common name of fish	text	no_bcodmo_term
species	genus and species name of fish	text	species
num_caught	number of fish caught	integer	num_caught
num_kept	number of fish kept for analyses	integer	no_bcodmo_term
num_thermal	number of fish processed for thermal mark	integer	no_bcodmo_term
num_tag_release	number of fish tagged and released	integer	no_bcodmo_term
num_genetics	number of fish processed for genetic stock identification	integer	no_bcodmo_term
num_stomachs	number of fish processed for stomach analysis	integer	no_bcodmo_term
adipose_clipped	number of fish processed for tissue analysis	integer	no_bcodmo_term
comments	free text comments	text	comment
cruiseid	Cruise identifier.	dimensionless	cruiseid

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: salmon_hauldata
Deployment: GP0207-02

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: salmon_hauldataDeployment: GP0207-02

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: salmon_hauldata
Deployment: GP0207-02