Dataset: BATS discrete bottle data
Deployment: BATS_cruises

BATS discrete bottle data

View Data: For data, See Dataset Metadata Page: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3782

Principal Investigator:

Nicholas Bates (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Rodney J. Johnson (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Michael W. Lomas (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Scientist:

Paul J. Lethaby (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Dominic Smith (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Dana Stuart Gerlach (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS)

Current State:

Final with updates expected

Version:

Deployment Synonyms:

Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study cruises

Version Date:

2019-05-29

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Description

Discrete bottle data collected across 35 years at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Time-series Study site in the Sargasso Sea during BATS cruises #1 (October 1988) through #411 (December 2023).

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Water samples were collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site located 80 km southeast of Bermuda (31°40N, 64°10W) in the Sargasso Sea. Measurements were collected monthly and often biweekly during the core monthly BATS cruises and the BATS Bloom cruises (Feb to April) following the methods of Knap et al. (1997).

All bottle fires are included in this dataset, even those that do not have any BATS core parameters, to be of use with other measurements and studies.

Niskin bottles were deployed and accompanying CTD measurements were taken at the depths of water sample collection. Sample parameters include salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, nutrients (nitrate + nitrite, nitrite, phosphate, silicate), particulate organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous), particulate silicate, total organic carbon and total nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorous, bacterial enumeration, and flow cytometry counts of picoplankton. The HPLC derived phytoplankton pigment data which are collected synoptically with many of the above parameters are reported separately (see https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/893521)

Ship information
Research was conducted on many research vessels including:

R/V Weatherbird I (cruises 1,2,8,9,10,11,12 and 13)
R/V Weatherbird I (cruises 1,2,8,9,10,11,12 and 13)
R/V Cape Henlopen (cruises 3,4,5,6 and 7)
R/V Cape Hatteras (cruises 33,52,52a,53,53a,54,54a,55,55a and 56,195,196,196a 208,208a,209)
R/V Weatherbird II (all other cruises through 207)
R/V Atlantic Explorer (cruises 210 through 241, and 243 onwards)
R/V Oceanus (cruise 242)
R/V Endeavor (cruise 331)

Numerous chief scientists: Tony Knap, Rachel Dow, Anthony Michaels, Kjell Gundersen, Rodney Johnson, Ann Close, Deborah Steinberg, Paul Lethaby, Julian Mitchell, Vivienne Lochhead, Deborah Lomas, Steven Bell, Jonathan Whitefield, Gwyn Evans, James Sadler, Samuel Monk, Samuel Stevens, Afonso Goncalves, Matt Enright, Fernando Pacheco, Zac Anderson, Claire Medley, and Dominic Smith.

Please see the Supplemental Files section for a listing of the cruises and associated measurements specific to this version of the BATS bottle data (bats_bottle_release_v006_update.txt)

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Chapter 3 of the BATS methods manual has details about the steps taken to process and correct the data from the oceanographic sensors. Briefly, temperatures (when the bottles were fired) are extracted from the SeaBird Electronics (SBE) .asc files. Bottle data for each cast is then corrected using static drift/slope corrections based on SBE calibrations.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0752366	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
OCE-1756105	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
OCE-2241455	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

CTD Sea-Bird 911

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911

Acronym: CTD SBE 911

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/

Generic Description:

The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics.

Fluorescence Microscope

Supplied Name: Olympus AX70 Fluoresence Microscope

Supplied Description:

Bacterial enumeration methods include DAPI stained Epifluoresence Microscopy / Olympus AX70

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Fluorescence Microscope

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB06/

Generic Description:

Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
ISO_DateTime_UTC	Date and Time in ISO8601 standard format	unitless	ISO_DateTime_UTC
Bottle_ID	Unique bottle ID which identifies cruise type, cruise, cast, and Niskin bottle number	unitless	sample
Latitude	Latitude	decimal degrees	lat
Longitude	Longitude (West is negative)	decimal degrees	lon
Vessel	Research vessel used for sampling	unitless	ship
Cruise_ID	Cruise ID where first digit indicates cruise type followed by cruise number	unitless	cruise_id
Cruise_type	Cruise type (BATS core, BATS Bloom A, or BATS Bloom B)	unitless	cruise_type
Cruise_num	Cruise number	unitless	cruise_id
Cast_num	Cast number; 1-80=CTD casts, 81-99=Hydrocasts (i.e. 83 = Data from Hydrocast number 3	unitless	cast
Bottle_num	Bottle number of sample	unitless	bottle
QF_bottle	Quality flag for Niskin or Go-Flo bottles (-3 =suspect, 1=unverified, 2=verified/acceptable)	unitless	q_flag
Depth	Depth	meters (m)	depth
QF1_Depth	Quality flag for depth (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Temp	Temperature in ITS-90 standard	degrees Celsius (°C)	temp
QF2_Temp	Quality flag for Temperature (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
CTD_Salinity	CTD Salinity on PSS-78 scale	dimensionless	sal_ctd
QF3_CTD_Sal	Quality flag for CTD salinity (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Salinity	Salinity-1 measurement on PSS-78 scale	dimensionless	sal_bot
QF4_Salinity	Quality flag for Salinity-1 (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Sigma_theta	Sigma-theta measurement	kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3)	sigma_0
QF5_Sigma_theta	Quality flag for sigma-theta measurement (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Oxygen	Oxygen-1	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	O2
QF6_Oxygen	Quality flag for Oxygen-1 measurement (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Oxygen_Fix_Temp	Oxygen fix temp	degrees Celsius (°C)	temp
QF7_Oxy_fix_temp	Quality flag for Oxygen fix temp (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Oxygen_Anomaly	Oxygen anomaly	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	O2
QF8_Oxy_anom	Quality flag for Oxygen anomaly (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
CO2	Dissolved inorganic carbon	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	DIC
QF9_DIC	Quality flag for dissolved inorganic carbon (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Alk	Alkalinity	microequivalents	TALK
QF10_Alk	Quality flag for Alkalinity (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
NO3_plus_NO2	Nitrate plus nitrite (NO3+NO2)	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	NO3_NO2
QF11_NO3_NO2	Quality flag for nitrate plus nitrite (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
NO2	Nitrite	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	NO2
QF12_NO2	Quality flag for nitrite (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
PO4	Phosphate	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	PO4
QF13_PO4	Quality flag for phosphate (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Silicate	Silicate	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	Silicate
QF14_Silicate	Quality flag for silicate (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
POC	Particulate Organic Carbon	micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg)	POC
QF15_POC	Quality flag for particulate organic carbon (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
PON	Particulate Organic Nitrogen	micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg)	PON
QF16_PON	Quality flag for particulate organic nitrogen (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
TOC	Total Organic Carbon	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	TOC
QF17_TOC	Quality flag for total organic carbon (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
TN	Total Nitrogen (prior to BATS 121, DON is reported instead of TN)	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	TDN
QF18_TN	Quality flag for total nitrogen (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Bact_Enum	Bacteria enumeration	cells times 10^8 per kilogram	bact_abund
QF19_Bact_enum	Quality flag for bacterial enumeration (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
POP	Particulate Organic Phosphorus	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	POP
QF20_POP	Quality flag for particulate organic phosphorus (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
TDP	Total Dissolved Phosphorus	nanomoles per kilogram (nmol/kg)	TDP
QF21_TDP	Quality flag for total dissolved phosphorus (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
SRP	Low-level phosphorus (soluble reactive phosphorus)	nanomoles per kilogram (nmol/kg)	SRP
QF22_SRP	Quality flag for low-level phosphorus (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Bio_Si	Particulate biogenic silica	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	Si_bio
QF23_bio_Si	Quality flag for particulate biogenic silica (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Litho_Si	Particulate lithogenic silica	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	Si_lith
QF24_litho_Si	Quality flag for lithogenic silica (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Prochlorococcus	Prochlorococcus	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	coccus_p
QF25_Prochloro	Quality flag for prochlorococcus (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Synechococcus	Synechococcus	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	coccus_s
QF26_Synecho	Quality flag for synechococcus (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Picoeukaryotes	Picoeukaryotes	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	pico_euks
QF27_Picoeuks	Quality flag for picoeukaryotes (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
Nanoeukaryotes	Nanoeukaryotes	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	phyto_e_n
QF28_Nanoeuks	Quality flag for nanoeukaryotes (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)	unitless	q_flag
yyyymmdd	Date in year, month, day	unitless	date
time	Time in hour, min	unitless	time
decimal_year	Decimal Year	unitless	year_decimal

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: BATS discrete bottle data
Deployment: BATS_cruises

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: BATS discrete bottle dataDeployment: BATS_cruises

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: BATS discrete bottle data
Deployment: BATS_cruises