Dataset: GT10-11 - HeNe
Deployment: KN199-04

Helium, Neon, and Helium-isotope concentrations from KN199-04 (GT10) and KN204-01 (GT11) cruises.

Principal Investigator:

William J. Jenkins (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA03) (U.S. GEOTRACES NAT)

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Version:

20 Dec 2012

Deployment Synonyms:

GA03, GT10, USGT-NAT-2010, KN199-4, GNAT, U.S. GEOTRACES NAZT Leg 1, knorr199-4/5, Section Cruise (GA03), 316N20101015

Version Date:

2013-03-05

Data URL:

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/455672/data

Expand/Collapse All

Description

Concentrations of helium, neon, and helium-isotope from Niskin bottle samples from the KN199-04 (GT10) and KN204-01 (GT11) cruises. Station, cast, and Niskin bottle numbers are provided along with CTD pressure.

Please note that some US GEOTRACES data may not be final, pending intercalibration results and further analysis. If you are interested in following changes to US GEOTRACES NAT data, there is an RSS feed available via the BCO-DMO US GEOTRACES project page (scroll down and expand the "Datasets" section).

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Sampling Description:
Helium isotope, and helium and neon concentrations were measured on samples drawn from Niskin bottles via tygon tubing and stored in crimped 5/8" copper tubing using the technique described by Young and Lupton (Young and Lupton, 1983).

Sample Processing:
The gas samples were quantitatively extracted on shore using a water vapor extraction method into 25 ml aluminosilicate glass ampoules (Lott and Jenkins, 1998).

Sample Analysis:
Helium isotopes, helium and neon concentrations were measured using an automated magnetic sector-QMS system with cryogenic separation methods described elsewhere (Lott, 2001; Lott and Jenkins, 1984, 1998). Helium isotope measurements were made mass spectrometrically referenced to marine air to an accuracy of 0.15% or better, and corrected for instrumental non-linearity (dependence of isotope ratio determination on sample size). Helium and neon concentrations were determined by peak-height manometry against a calibrated marine air standard. Helium was measured to 0.3% and neon was determined to 0.55%. All uncertainties were confirmed by replicate analyses of water samples and standards.

References:
Lott, D.E., 2001. Improvements in noble gas separation methodology: a nude cryogenic trap. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2, 10.129/2001GC000202.
Lott, D.E., Jenkins, W.J., 1984. An automated cryogenic charcoal trap system for helium isotope mass spectrometry. Review of Scientific Instruments 55, 1982-1988. doi: 10.1063/1.1137692
Lott, D.E., Jenkins, W.J., 1998. Advances in the analysis and shipboard processing of tritium and helium samples. International WOCE Newsletter 30, 27-30.
Young, C., Lupton, J.E., 1983. An ultratight fluid sampling system using cold-welded copper tubing. EOS Transactions AGU 64, 735.

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

The data are flagged using the WOCE protocol.

Parameter names were modified to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.

lat_nom and lon_nom were added by BCO-DMO from station waypoints provided by the Chief Scientist of cruise KN199-04.

Additional GEOTRACES Processing:
After the data were submitted to the International Data Management Office, BODC, the office noticed that important identifying information was missing in many datasets. With the agreement of BODC and the US GEOTRACES lead PIs, BCO-DMO added standard US GEOTRACES information, such as the US GEOTRACES event number, to each submitted dataset lacking this information. To accomplish this, BCO-DMO compiled a 'master' dataset composed of the following parameters: station_GEOTRC, cast_GEOTRC (bottle and pump data only), event_GEOTRC, sample_GEOTRC, sample_bottle_GEOTRC (bottle data only), bottle_GEOTRC (bottle data only), depth_GEOTRC_CTD (bottle data only), depth_GEOTRC_CTD_rounded (bottle data only), BTL_ISO_DateTime_UTC (bottle data only), and GeoFish_id (GeoFish data only). This added information will facilitate subsequent analysis and inter comparison of the datasets.

Bottle parameters in the master file were taken from the GT-C_Bottle_GT10, GT-C_Bottle_GT11, ODF_Bottle_GT10, and ODF_Bottle_GT11 datasets. Non-bottle parameters, including those from GeoFish tows, Aerosol sampling, and McLane Pumps, were taken from the Event_Log_GT10 and Event_Log_GT11 datasets. McLane pump cast numbers missing in event logs were taken from the Particulate Th-234 dataset submitted by Ken Buesseler.

A standardized BCO-DMO method (called "join") was then used to merge the missing parameters to each US GEOTRACES dataset, most often by matching on sample_GEOTRC or on some unique combination of other parameters.

If the master parameters were included in the original data file and the values did not differ from the master file, the original data columns were retained and the names of the parameters were changed from the PI-submitted names to the standardized master names. If there were differences between the PI-supplied parameter values and those in the master file, both columns were retained. If the original data submission included all of the master parameters, no additional columns were added, but parameter names were modified to match the naming conventions of the master file.

See the dataset parameters documentation for a description of which parameters were supplied by the PI and which were added via the join method.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0926659	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Description:

The mass spectrometer used for measurement was known as 'MS1'. This is a custom-built instrument located at the Isotope Geochemistry Facility (IGF) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The MS1 is a 10-inch radius, 90-degree magnetic sector instrument dedicated to the measurement of tritium, helium, and neon in seawater and groundwater samples. For a full description, see http://www.whoi.edu/sbl/liteSite.do?litesiteid=28952&articleId=47708

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/

Generic Description:

General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
station_GEOTRC	GEOTRACES station number; ranges from 1 through 12 for KN199-04 and 1 through 24 for KN204-01. Stations 7 and 9 were skipped on KN204-01. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file. Originally submitted as 'Station Number', this parameter name has been changed to conform to BCO-DMO's GEOTRACES naming conventions.	unitless	station
cast_GEOTRC	Cast identifier, numbered consecutively within a station. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file. Originally submitted as 'Cast Number', this parameter name has been changed to conform to BCO-DMO's GEOTRACES naming conventions.	unitless	cast
sample_bottle_GEOTRC	Unique identification numbers given to samples taken from bottles; rangies from 1 to 24; often used synonymously with bottle number. PI-supplied values were identical to those in the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file. Originally submitted as 'Bottle Number', this parameter name has been changed to conform to BCO-DMO's GEOTRACES naming conventions.	unitless	bot_Nis
press	Pressure from CTD.	dbar	press
He	Concentration of dissolved helium (He) per kg of water measured by mass spectrometry.	nmol/kg	diss_noble_gas_conc
He_err	Helium concentration error.	nmol/kg	no_bcodmo_term
He_flag	Helium concentration quality flag using the WOCE protocol.	unitless	q_flag
Ne	Concentration of dissolved neon (Ne) per kg of water measured by mass spectrometry.	nmol/kg	diss_noble_gas_conc
Ne_err	Neon concentration error.	nmol/kg	no_bcodmo_term
Ne_flag	Neon concentration quality flag using the WOCE protocol.	unitless	q_flag
delta_3He	Helium isotope ratio anomaly.	%	no_bcodmo_term
delta_3He_err	Error of delta_3He.	%	no_bcodmo_term
delta_3He_flag	delta_3He quality flag using the WOCE protocol.	unitless	q_flag
cruise_id	Official cruise identifier e.g. KN199-04 = R/V Knorr cruise number 199-04.	text	cruise_id
lat_nom	Nominal latitude of station. Obtained from KN199-04 station waypoints provided by Chief Sci.	decimal degrees	lat_n
lon_nom	Nominal longitude of station. Obtained from KN199-04 station waypoints provided by Chief Sci.	decimal degrees	lon_n
event_GEOTRC	Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES sampling events; ranges from 2001 to 2225 for KN199-04 events and from 3001 to 3282 for KN204-01 events. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	unitless	event
depth_GEOTRC_CTD	Observation/sample depth in meters, calculated from CTD pressure. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	meters	depth
sample_GEOTRC	Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES samples; ranges from 5033 to 6078 for KN199-04 and from 6112 to 8148 for KN204-01. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	unitless	sample
bottle_GEOTRC	Alphanumeric characters identifying bottle type (e.g., NIS representing Niskin and GF representing GOFLO) and position on a CTD rosette. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).	unitless	bottle
BTL_ISO_DateTime_UTC	Date and time (UTC) variable recorded at the bottle sampling time in ISO compliant format. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description). This standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on the following form: 2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)	YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx][+/-TZ]	ISO_DateTime_UTC

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: GT10-11 - HeNe
Deployment: KN199-04

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: GT10-11 - HeNeDeployment: KN199-04

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: GT10-11 - HeNe
Deployment: KN199-04