We conducted double oblique zooplankton net tows from 200 m water depth to the sea-surface using a 0.7 m-diameter Bongo frame with paired 200-µm mesh nets, equipped with two General Oceanics flow meters to measure the filtered volume and a temperature-depth recorder. A fraction of each tow was size-fractionated through nested sieves (4-mm, 2-mm, 1-mm, 0.5-mm, 0.2-mm), rinsed with isotonic ammonium formate, and stored for isotopic analyses. Samples were then dried, fumed with HCl (to remove calcium carbonate), packed in pre-combusted tins and analyzed for stable isotopes by isotope ratio mass spectrometer at the U.C. Davis Stable Isotope Facility.
Instruments:
Elementar Vario EL Cube or Micro Cube elemental analyzer (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) interfaced to either an Isoprime VisION IRMS (Elementar UK Ltd, Cheadle, UK) or a PDZ Europa 20-20 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Sercon Ltd., Cheshire, UK)