Corals sampled at six reefs within Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i:

1.) USA: Hawaii HIMB: 21.436056, -157.786861
2.) USA: Hawaii Reef.11.13: 21.450806, -157.794944
3.) USA: Hawaii Reef.35.36: 21.473889, -157.833667
4.) USA: Hawaii Reef.18: 21.450806, -157.811139
5.) USA: Hawaii Lilipuna.Fringe: 21.429417, -157.791111
6.) USA: Hawaii Reef.42.43: 21.477194, -157.826889

Experiment conducted at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology.

Experimental Tank Setup: Treatment conditions (n=3 tanks treatment-1) were randomly assigned to twelve outdoor mesocosm tanks (122 cm x 122 cm x 30 cm; 510 L). Flow rates, measured daily with a graduated cylinder and timer, averaged 84.36 ± 1.20 mL second-1 (n=826), providing full mesocosm tank turnover every ~2 hours. Mesocosm tanks were 60% shaded from full irradiance, and photosynthetically active radiation was measured continuously with the Apex cosine corrected PAR Sensor (accuracy = ± 5%) that was cross calibrated to the Li-Cor cosine corrected PAR sensor (LI-193). Additionally, light values (PAR) from six different positions in each tank were compared to determine spatial differences within each tank. There was no significant difference in light between positions in each tank (n=4 position-1 tank-1). Based on these results, light was measured in the center of the tank ~daily for the duration of the experiment using the Li-Cor 193 spherical underwater quantum sensor. To further reduce any potential position effects with respect to incoming water, heater position, or bubble stream, the positions of the coral fragments in the tank were changed weekly.

Experimental temperature conditions: Temperature treatment conditions were programmed to mimic the natural daily fluctuations (0.75 °C ± 0.06) of the environment at the collection sites in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi (NOAA Moku o Loʻe Buoy data from September 2018). Based on these data, high temperature treatment fluctuated between ~29-30°C to reflect previous marine heatwaves in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi (+2°C above ambient temperature). Temperature was monitored with Apex Extended Life Temperature Probes (accuracy = ± 0.05 °C, Neptune Systems) and temperature loggers (HOBO Water Temp Pro v2, accuracy = ±0.21°C, resolution = 0.02°C, Onset Computer Corp) that were placed in each tank at the same height as the coral fragments for the duration of the experiment and logged temperature at 10 minute intervals. Temperature was separately controlled by submersible heaters (ProHeat D-1500 Heater Controllers, precision ± 1°C) due to the electrical demand of the heaters. Ambient temperature treatments were not controlled, and thus reflected the natural conditions of Kāneʻohe Bay.

hobo_logger.csv