Dataset: Mussel lab incubations: simulated periostracum abrasion (effect on shell dissolution)

Name: Dataset 2: Lab incubations of mussels in 2022 to examine the influence of simulated abrasion of periostracum on external shell dissolution collected at Marshall Gulch Beach, CA from August 2021 to March 2022
Published: 2024-08-19
Keywords: periostracum, mussel, shell dissolution, abrasion, oceans

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Spatial Extent: N:38.369738 E:-123.073921 S:38.369738 W:-123.073921

Marshall Gulch, California

Temporal Extent: 2021-08-01 - 2022-08-22

Project:

Invertebrate calcification and behavior in seawater of decoupled carbonate chemistry (OA decoupling)

Principal Investigator:

Brian Gaylord (University of California-Davis BML, UC Davis-BML)

Student:

Alisha Saley (University of California-Davis BML, UC Davis-BML)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Lynne M. Merchant (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2024-08-19

Restricted:

Validated:

Current State:

Preliminary and in progress

Dataset 2: Lab incubations of mussels in 2022 to examine the influence of simulated abrasion of periostracum on external shell dissolution collected at Marshall Gulch Beach, CA from August 2021 to March 2022

Abstract:

These data build off of experimental incubations described in Dataset 1. Given that the periostracum can be eroded over time, we were interested in whether the abrasion of the periostracum by sand of differing coarseness might separately influence dissolution rates under corrosive seawater conditions. Therefore, we conducted incubations of abraded California mussel valves (in addition to unsanded control valves) and measured dissolution rates as a function of sand paper grit coarseness (pH = 7.4). This dataset represents shell dissolution data of California Mussels from lab experiments conducted at the Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis in August 2022. Dataset 1: Lab incubations of mussels (Mytilus californianus) in 2022 to examine the influence of periostracum cover and pH on external shell dissolution collected at Marshall Gulch Beach, CA from August 2021 to March 2022 (see BCO-DMO related dataset)

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Methods & Sampling

We performed dissolution assays to explore how the coarseness of sand grit used to simulate abrasive removal of the periostracum might modify rates of dissolution of underlying shell. As in the first set of trials, individual California mussel valves were placed into individual incubation bottles, and shell loss was determined using the alkalinity anomaly method based on measured increases in seawater TA described above. Seawater conditions were modified following methods of chemical addition (described above) and reduced seawater pH (pH = 7.4) without changing seawater TA. Mussels were collected and sacrificed in a similar way to Dataset 1; following sacrifice, the interior surface of the mussel valves were coated with silicone to prevent interior shell dissolution signal.

Mussel valve preparation: To prepare mussel valves for the incubation, shell periostracum was abraded using sanding sponges (Gator brand) of two levels of grit coarseness (P50-60: coarse (n = 11), and P120-150: fine (n = 12)). We included control mussel valves (15% of daily sample size), collected with no periostracum cover, to compare dissolution rates between abraded and periostracum that was removed naturally in the field.

Data Processing Description

Data analysis: We performed computations with R statistical software, RStudio version 2023.06.2. We performed carbonate system calculations using the package seacarb. To understand whether abrasion from sand of differing coarseness might influence dissolution, we computed the difference between dissolution rates of mussel valves in abrasion treatments, and those of unsanded control (collected with < 5% periostracum cover) valves exposed to similar low-pH conditions. We then used a Welch’s independent sample t-test to determine whether differences in average dissolution existed between the sanding treatments. Assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances were assessed visually using QQ-plots.

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-2129942

Deployments

None available yet

Instruments

None available yet

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
INDEX	Shell ID: identification number of individual mussel valve	unitless	sample
lat	latitude, South is negative	deicmal degrees	lat
lon	longitude, West is negative	decimal degrees	lon
date	Date of starting incubation Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
time_in	Date and time of incubation start Format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ	unitless	ISO_DateTime_Local
date_out	Date of end of incubation Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
time_out	Date and time of incubation end Format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ	unitless	ISO_DateTime_Local
medium	description	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
sanding	Sanding treatment: Sand grit coarseness applied to shell to abrade periostracum (X). Coarse or Fine	unitless	treatment
ph_spec_0	Initial pH of seawater (total scale) measured by spectrophotometer using m-cresol dye calibration	unitless	pH
temp_0	Initial seawater temperature	Degrees Celsius (°C)	temperature
sal_0	Initial seawater salinity	unitless	sal
peri_percent	Periostracum cover: percent cover of intact periostracum over mussel valve	percentage (%)	no_bcodmo_term
shell_A	Mussel valve area measurement (ImageJ)	milimeters squared (mm^2)	area_measured
shell_L	Longest measured length of valve (ImageJ)	milimeter (mm)	length
shell_W	Widest measured width of mussel valve (ImageJ)	milimeter (mm)	width
incub_day	Length of incubation in days	day	time_inc
incub_hr	Length of incubation in hours	hour	time_inc
incub_min	Length of incubation in minutes	minute	time_inc
alk_t0	Initial alkalinity: measured alkalinity of seawater prior to incubation	micromole per kg (umol/kg)	TALK
alk_t1	Final alkalinity: measured alkalinity of seawater after completion of incubation	micromole per kg (umol/kg)	TALK
alk_t0_t1	Alkalinity change: change in alkalinity from initial measurement to final measurement (negative value indicates an increase in alkalinity)	micromole per kg (umol/kg)	TALK
alk_t0_t1_norm	Alkalinity change per hour: measured change in alkalinity normalized per hour of incubation	micromole per kg per hour (umol kg-1 hr-1)	no_bcodmo_term
diss	Dissoluton rate: inverse of alkalinity change measurement	micromole per kg per hour (umol kg-1 hr-1)	no_bcodmo_term
diss_diff	Normalized difference in Dissolution rate: dissolution rate normalized to individual shell area measurements and subtracted from control valve dissolution rates	micromole per kg per hr per milimeter squared (umol kg-1 hr-1 mm-2)	no_bcodmo_term

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Dataset: Mussel lab incubations: simulated periostracum abrasion (effect on shell dissolution)